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Abnormal Psych 2 > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

what percentage of people with one episode of MDD will have another?

A

2/3

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2
Q

what is the average number of episodes for someone with MDD

A

4

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3
Q

with each new episode of MDD the person’s risk for experiencing another episode goes up by what

A

16%

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4
Q

chronic depressive disorder (dysthymia) definition

A

depressed more than half of the time for at least 2 years, have at least 2 of the other symptoms of depression

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5
Q

when is the onset for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A

before age 10

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6
Q

difference in DSM-IV and DSM-V in regards to dysthymia

A

DSM V combines MDD and dysthymia.

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7
Q

what percentage of people in the US meet the criteria for diagnosis of MDD at some point

A

16.2%

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8
Q

what percentage of people in the US meet the criteria for dysthymia at some point

A

2.5%

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9
Q

how as age of onset of depression changed over time in the US

A

has gotten younger

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10
Q

what percentage of people with MDD will met a criteria of an anxiety disorder

A

2/3

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11
Q

Bipolar I

A

at least 1 episode of mania

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12
Q

Bipolar II

A

at least 1 episode of hypomania and at least 1 epsidoe of depressive episode

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13
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

milder, chronic form of bipolar, lasts for at least 2 years

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14
Q

which is more mild, bipolar I or bipolar II

A

bipolar II

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15
Q

US prevelance of bipolar I

A

1%

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16
Q

`worldwide prevelance of bipolar I

A

0.6%

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17
Q

prevelance of bipolar II

A

0.4-2%

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18
Q

prevelance for cyclothymia

A

4%

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19
Q

typical age of onset for bipolar

A

20s

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20
Q

gender differences for bipolar

A

equal

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21
Q

how many people remain unemployed a full year after hospitalization for mania

A

1/3

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22
Q

what percentage of people with bipolar I report sucide attempts

A

25%

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23
Q

mood-congruent psychotic features

A

delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death accompanying depression)

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24
Q

mood-incongruent psychotic features

A

delusions or hallucination with themes that do not match the valence of the depressive or manic episode

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25
Q

mixed features

A

at least 3 manic symptoms are present during a depressive episode, or at least 3 depressive symptoms are present during a manic episode

26
Q

what are the 3 new types of depression added in the DSM-V

A

mixed anxiety/depressive disorder
premenstrual dysphoric disorder
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

27
Q

how does increased dopamine affect people with bipolar

A

can trigger manic symptoms

28
Q

how can you reduce 5HT in the lab

A

deplete levels of tryptophan

29
Q

what are the 4 brain structures that are most studied in depression

A

amygdala
subgenual anterior cingulate
hippocampus
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

30
Q

hertibility of MDD

A

37%

31
Q

hertibility of bipolar

A

93%

32
Q

how is amygdala affected in MDD

A

elevated

33
Q

how is subgenual anterior cingulate affected in MDD

A

elevated

34
Q

how is dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affected in MDD

A

diminished during emotional regulation

35
Q

how is hippocampus affected in MDD

A

diminished

36
Q

what brain structure is more active during manic episodes

A

the striatum

37
Q

individuals with a predisportion to MDD have lower sensitive _____ receptors

A

5HT

38
Q

what percentage of people with MDD report a stressful lige event in the year prior to depression onset

A

42-67%

39
Q

expressed emotion

A

a family member’s critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinbolbement with the person with depression

40
Q

what does high expressed emotion predict

A

relapse in depression

41
Q

what percentage of patients in families with high expressed emotion relapsed within 1 year

A

69.5%

42
Q

neuroticism

A

personality trait that involves tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect

43
Q

Beck’s triad

A

negative views of self, the world, the future

44
Q

2 factors that predict increases in manic symptoms over time

A

reward sensitivity

sleep deprivation

45
Q

people with bipolar disorder descrive themselves as ___________ to rewards

A

highly responsive

46
Q

mindfulness-based corgnitive therapy

A

use strategies like mediation to prevent relapse

47
Q

behavioral activation therapy

A

increased participation in positively reinforcing activities to disrupt the spiral of depression, withdrawl, avoidance

48
Q

major changes in past ECT to current ECT

A

now it’s unilateral, not bilateral, and now pt is given muscle relaxant before the treatment

49
Q

name of MAO antidepressant

A

tranylcypromine (parnate)

50
Q

name of TCAs

A

imipramine and amitriptyline

51
Q

name of anticonvulsant

A

divalproex sodium (depakote)

52
Q

name of antipsychotic

A

olanzapine (zyprexa)

53
Q

what percentage of people prescrived an antidepressant stop taking it within the first month

A

40%

54
Q

suicide rate in the US

A

1 out of 10,000

55
Q

how many suicide attempts end in death

A

1 in 20

56
Q

worldwide how many report suicidal ideation at least once

A

9%

57
Q

how many people have made at least one suicide attempt

A

2.5%

58
Q

what demographic has the highest suicide rate

A

white males over 50

59
Q

hertibility for suicide attempts

A

48%

60
Q

low levels of what metabolite are found in people who committed suicide

A

5-HIAA (precursor to 5ht)

61
Q

what approach is the most promising for reducing suicidality

A

cognitive-behavioral

Abnormal Psych 2 (4 decks)

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