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Abnormal Psych 2 > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what percentage of people with one episode of MDD will have another?

A

2/3

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2
Q

what is the average number of episodes for someone with MDD

A

4

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3
Q

with each new episode of MDD the person’s risk for experiencing another episode goes up by what

A

16%

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4
Q

chronic depressive disorder (dysthymia) definition

A

depressed more than half of the time for at least 2 years, have at least 2 of the other symptoms of depression

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5
Q

when is the onset for Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A

before age 10

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6
Q

difference in DSM-IV and DSM-V in regards to dysthymia

A

DSM V combines MDD and dysthymia.

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7
Q

what percentage of people in the US meet the criteria for diagnosis of MDD at some point

A

16.2%

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8
Q

what percentage of people in the US meet the criteria for dysthymia at some point

A

2.5%

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9
Q

how as age of onset of depression changed over time in the US

A

has gotten younger

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10
Q

what percentage of people with MDD will met a criteria of an anxiety disorder

A

2/3

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11
Q

Bipolar I

A

at least 1 episode of mania

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12
Q

Bipolar II

A

at least 1 episode of hypomania and at least 1 epsidoe of depressive episode

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13
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

A

milder, chronic form of bipolar, lasts for at least 2 years

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14
Q

which is more mild, bipolar I or bipolar II

A

bipolar II

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15
Q

US prevelance of bipolar I

A

1%

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16
Q

`worldwide prevelance of bipolar I

A

0.6%

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17
Q

prevelance of bipolar II

A

0.4-2%

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18
Q

prevelance for cyclothymia

A

4%

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19
Q

typical age of onset for bipolar

A

20s

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20
Q

gender differences for bipolar

A

equal

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21
Q

how many people remain unemployed a full year after hospitalization for mania

A

1/3

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22
Q

what percentage of people with bipolar I report sucide attempts

A

25%

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23
Q

mood-congruent psychotic features

A

delusions or hallucinations with themes that are consistent with mood state (guilt, disease, or death accompanying depression)

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24
Q

mood-incongruent psychotic features

A

delusions or hallucination with themes that do not match the valence of the depressive or manic episode

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25
mixed features
at least 3 manic symptoms are present during a depressive episode, or at least 3 depressive symptoms are present during a manic episode
26
what are the 3 new types of depression added in the DSM-V
mixed anxiety/depressive disorder premenstrual dysphoric disorder disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
27
how does increased dopamine affect people with bipolar
can trigger manic symptoms
28
how can you reduce 5HT in the lab
deplete levels of tryptophan
29
what are the 4 brain structures that are most studied in depression
amygdala subgenual anterior cingulate hippocampus dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
30
hertibility of MDD
37%
31
hertibility of bipolar
93%
32
how is amygdala affected in MDD
elevated
33
how is subgenual anterior cingulate affected in MDD
elevated
34
how is dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affected in MDD
diminished during emotional regulation
35
how is hippocampus affected in MDD
diminished
36
what brain structure is more active during manic episodes
the striatum
37
individuals with a predisportion to MDD have lower sensitive _____ receptors
5HT
38
what percentage of people with MDD report a stressful lige event in the year prior to depression onset
42-67%
39
expressed emotion
a family member's critical or hostile comments toward or emotional overinbolbement with the person with depression
40
what does high expressed emotion predict
relapse in depression
41
what percentage of patients in families with high expressed emotion relapsed within 1 year
69.5%
42
neuroticism
personality trait that involves tendency to react to events with greater-than-average negative affect
43
Beck's triad
negative views of self, the world, the future
44
2 factors that predict increases in manic symptoms over time
reward sensitivity | sleep deprivation
45
people with bipolar disorder descrive themselves as ___________ to rewards
highly responsive
46
mindfulness-based corgnitive therapy
use strategies like mediation to prevent relapse
47
behavioral activation therapy
increased participation in positively reinforcing activities to disrupt the spiral of depression, withdrawl, avoidance
48
major changes in past ECT to current ECT
now it's unilateral, not bilateral, and now pt is given muscle relaxant before the treatment
49
name of MAO antidepressant
tranylcypromine (parnate)
50
name of TCAs
imipramine and amitriptyline
51
name of anticonvulsant
divalproex sodium (depakote)
52
name of antipsychotic
olanzapine (zyprexa)
53
what percentage of people prescrived an antidepressant stop taking it within the first month
40%
54
suicide rate in the US
1 out of 10,000
55
how many suicide attempts end in death
1 in 20
56
worldwide how many report suicidal ideation at least once
9%
57
how many people have made at least one suicide attempt
2.5%
58
what demographic has the highest suicide rate
white males over 50
59
hertibility for suicide attempts
48%
60
low levels of what metabolite are found in people who committed suicide
5-HIAA (precursor to 5ht)
61
what approach is the most promising for reducing suicidality
cognitive-behavioral

Abnormal Psych 2 (4 decks)

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