Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hugh's MD3 Mental Health > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an emotion?

A

A complex action that includes things like facial expression, posture, and internal milieu that is accompanied by thought process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are feelings?

A

Affect or presentation of an emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is mood vs affect?

A

Mood is the subject aspect of a person feeling state, it is more the climate of the feeling

Affect is the more objective aspect, it is also the moment by moment expression of feeling eg weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are mood disorder more broadly?

A

Disorder in normal mood, whether lower or higher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms for depression diagnosis?

A

> 2 weeks duration of: must have at least one of

  • Depressed mood - of a particular quality, with loss of reactivity, and classically in a diurnal pattern (worse in the morning, better at night)
  • Anhedonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is reactivity?

A

The response of a person to events eg laughing at sometime funny, sadness towards an event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the neuro-vegetative secondary symptoms for depression diagnosis?

A
  • Sleep disturbance
  • Appetite disturbance
  • PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION
  • Impaired concentration, set shifting, rumination
  • Working memory deficits
  • Libidinal changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the cognitive-affective symptoms of depression?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Helplessness
  • Loss of self esteem, WORTHLESSNESS
  • Social withdrawal
  • Depersonalisation, derealisation
  • GUILT
  • Shame
  • Rage
  • Nihilism
  • Hopelessness
  • Suicidal ideation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the psychotic symptoms of depression?

A
  • Hallucinations

- Delusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is characteristic of psychotic depressive symptoms?

A

Mood congruent - will match the mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the likelihood that a depressive episodes will recur?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the rate of postpartum depression?

A

~10% of mothers, 1/2 that will be severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the recurrence rate of postpartum depression?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is depression in the elderly different?

A

Somatic symptoms often predominate
Organic conditions are common
Often precipitated by loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some medical causes of depression?

A 
Hypothyroidism
Cushing's 
Ca
MS
HIV
Stroke (especially involving left frontal pole)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which medications can trigger or exacerbate depression?

A 
Monoamine depletion
Corticosteroids - dose effect 
GABA-ergic drugs - benzodiazepines, alcohol
Chemotherapy
OCP (rare)
Interferon
17
Q

How do you differentiate grief from depression?

A
  • Duration of symptoms >6 months, grief is usually better
  • In grief, the sadness is focussed on the object of loss
  • Grief feels like a transient process
18
Q

How heritable is depression?

A
  • Moderately

- Genes increase our sensibility to life events

19
Q

How might patients with depression brain appear?

A

Smaller hippocampus

Larger ventricles

20
Q

What are some psychosocial risk factors for depression?

A

Parental loss + poor parenting afterwards
Chronic exposure to severely depressed mothers
Childhood sexual abuse
1 good relationship & a higher IQ is protective
Confiding other is very protective

21
Q

What are some precipitating event types?

A

Loss
Humiliation
Entrapment
Danger

22
Q

What are some protective environmental factors?

A

Employment and financial independence

Neutralising or fresh start events

23
Q

What is the anaclitic personality?

A

Exaggerated need for relatedness, preoccupation, entanglement

24
Q

What is the introjective personality?

A

Independent, autonomy

25
Q

What are some psycho-social treatment for depression?

A 
CBT
IPT
Couple therapy
Psychodynamic - more complex depression
Exercise
Sleep, diet, alcohol reduction
Confiding other
26
Q

What are some pharmacological treatment for depression?

A 
SSRI's - sertraline, escitalopram, fluoxetine
SNRI's - venlafaxine, duloxetine
Mirtazepine
TCA - Nortriptyline, imipramine 
Lithium 
Thyroxine
Second generation anti-psychotic
27
Q

How long do you continue therapy?

A

6-12 months at the full treatment dose for the 1st episode

Indefinite if 2nd or 3rd treatment

28
Q

When is ECT useful?

A 
Melancholic
Psychotic 
Puerperal/postpartum  
Bipolar depression or mania 
Prominent suicidality 
Poor oral intake

Hugh's MD3 Mental Health (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions