Mood Disorders Flashcards
This mood disorder is described as a severe mood disorder characterized by major depressive episodes without manic or hypomanic episodes
Major depressive disorder
For a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, symptoms must happen consistently for at least _____. Symptoms happening for ______ or more is rare
Two weeks; A year
Major depressive disorder often occurs with
Anxiety
Which sex is twice as likely to be diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder?
Females
In Major Depressive Disorder, which sex tends to have more serious difficulty dealing with disorder?
Males
Which sex tends to ruminate more on issues?
Females
Which sex tends to distract themselves more from issues?
Males
Increased risk factors for Major Depressive Disorder (4)
- Being female
- Lower socioeconomic status
- Divorcees
- individuals with relatives (biological and adoptive)
This mood disorder is described as severe and persistent mood changes that occur after childbirth.
Postpartum depression
Some features that accompany this mood disorder are:
Disturbed appetite
Disturbed sleeping schedule
Low self esteem
Difficulty concentrating
Postpartum depression
This disorder is described as irrational thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions that can occur after child birth
Postpartum psychosis
This disorder is described as physical and mood-related symptoms happening during a women’s premenstrual period.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
When do symptoms of PMDD tend to manifest?
Starting 1-2 weeks before menstruation and improves within a few days of the start of their period
This disorder is described as repeatedly becoming depressed during a particular season of the year
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
This is described as a disorder in which either major or mild depressive symptoms occur for a period of at least two years
Persistent Depressive Disorder
What are the two types of Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Major Persistent Depressive Disorder
- Mild Persistent Depressive Disorder, A.K.A. Dysthymia
This term is described as when an individual has a major depressive episode superimposed by a longer standing dysthymic disorder.
Double depression
This disorder is characterized by mood swings between extreme depression and elation.
Bipolar disorder
What is the prevalence of Bipolar Disorder?
About 1%
This subtype of Bipolar disorder applies to people who have had at least one full manic episode
Bipolar I Disorder
This is described as a period of unrealistically heightened euphoria, extreme restlessness, and excessive activity; disorganized behavior and impaired judgements
Manic episode
This subtype of Bipolar disorder applies to individuals who have had hypomanic episodes and at least one major depressive episodes without every having a full-blown manic episode.
Bipolar II disorder
This disorder is described as a chronic pattern of less-severe mood swings than are found in bipolar disorder
Cyclothymic disorder
Symptoms of Cyclothymic disorder have to occur for at least _____ in order to get a diagnosis
Two years
The Psychodynamic theory on the cause of depression is
A person’s anger turned inward
Two different patterns of grieving
- Common pattern
- Chronic Grief
This is described as a loss that is not clearly defined or does not bring closure
Ambiguous Loss
The humanistic theory on the cause of depression is
People become depressed from lack of meaning in life
The learning theory on the cause of depression is
An imbalance in your behavior and the reinforcement
This specific learning theory is described as:
Having difficulties in social interactions may help explain the lack of positive reinforcement. (Not having opportunities for positive reinforcement.)
Interactional theory
This, as a part of learning theory, is described as how our behavior influences how other people respond to us and how they respond to us influences, in turn, how we respond to them.
Reciprocal interactions
This theory is described as hopelessness and resignation, giving up, that is learned when a person feels like they have no control over bad things that keep happening
Learned Helplessness (Attribution) Theory
The cognitive theory on the cause of depression is
a distorted view on themselves and the world around them
What are the three parts of the cognitive triad of depression?
- Negative view of oneself
- Negative view of the environment
- Negative view of the future
In brain scan studies, depressed individuals show lower chemical activity in which parts of the brain?
The prefrontal cortex and the limbic system.
Some treatments for depression(3)
- Interpersonal psychotherapy
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Medications
Treatments for bipolar disorder
- Interpersonal therapies
- Lithium and mood stabilizer medications
What is the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the U.S.?
12-15%
What is the prevalence of suicide attempts in the U.S.?
5%
Which sex is more likely to consider suicide?
Females
Which sex is four times more likely to successfully commit suicide?
Males
