Addictive Disorders Flashcards
4 features of Substance-Use disorders
- Problems cutting back
- Excessive time seeking substance
- Developing tolerance
- Using in dangerous circumstances
This is described as a cluster of symptoms that happen following the sudden reduction or stop of use of a psychoactive drug after developing a physiological (physical) dependance
Substance withdrawal disorder
When does drug use become drug abuse, according to the DSM?
When it negatively affects daily functioning
What percent of U.S. adults develop substance use disorders involving an illegal drug? What percent of those people develop substance dependance on said illegal drug?
10% ; 25%
What sex is has more prevalence/is more likely to develop a substance use disorder?
Males
Which age group has more prevalence of substance use disorder?
Younger people
What are the two parts of addiction?
Physiological AND psychological dependence
This is described as a when a drug user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply of the substance
Physiological Dependence
This is described as compulsive use of a substance to meet a psychological need
Psychological dependence
Common pathway to dependence
- Experimentations
- Routine use
- Addiction / dependence
This is described as drugs that slow down activity in the central nervous system.
Depressants
What is the most commonly abused drug in the world?
Alcohol
What psychoactive affect does alcohol have?
Heightened activity of the neurotransmitter of GABA. (increase feeling of relaxation)
This is described as symptoms that happen with severe alcoholics with the abrupt stopping of consuming alcohol
Delirium Tremens
8 Symptoms in delirium tremens
- Heart arrhythmias
- Hallucinations
- Diarrhea
- Disorientation
- Confusion
- Insomnia
- Muscle convulsions
- Extreme agitation
8 Risk factors for alcoholism
- New college student (new freedoms)
- Stress in life
- Family history
- Addictive personality
- Mental illness
- Cultural influences
- Age
- Sex
This is described as a form of dementia leading to memory loss that results from a vitamin b1 deficiency caused by chronic alcoholism
Korsakoff’s syndrome
Alcoholic liver disease is when excessive alcohol is consumed which can eventually cause…
Cirrhosis, liver scarring, end-stage alcoholic liver disease
These are sedative drugs with high addictive potentials
Barbiturates
This is a type of sedative medication that works similar to alcohol by enhancing GABA transmission in the central nervous system
Benzodiazepines
This is described as a natural substance that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and have a similar effect to opioids
Endorphins
This is a strongly addictive narcotic that relieves pain and induces feelings of well-being
Morphine
This drug is a narcotic derived from morphine that has strong addictive properties. Most pleasurable drug
Heroin
This is a type of psychoactive substance that increases activity in the central nervous system. alertness, can cause feelings of euphoria
Stimulants
This is a class of synthetic stimulants that activate the CNS and cause heightened state of arousal
Amphetamines
What % of americans older than 12 have tried mathamphetamine?
5%
Amphetamines are more commonly used among which sex? Maybe why?
Females, weight loss
Amphetamines are more commonly used among which two ethnic groups? Least commonly used among which group?
Most common: White and Latinos
Least common: African american
Long term use of amphetamines can lead to permanent……
Memory loss and cognitive processing deficit
(difficulty reading, etc)
This is described as a psychotic state characterized by hallucinations and delusions that is caused by amphetamines
Amphetamine psychosis
This drug is a natural stimulant extracted from the leaves of the coca plant
Cocaine
Regular use of cocaine can lead to serious nasal problems like…
Ulcers in nostrils
What % of americans 12 or older have tried cocaine?
15%
Smoking cigarettes if more common among which sex?
Males
Smoking cigarettes if more common among which ethnicity
American Indian
This is a drug that is a stimulant at LOW DOSES and a hallucinogen at HIGH DOSES
Ecstasy
This is a classification of drugs that can produce hallucinations such as major changes in color perception and hearing
Hallucinogens
This is a naturally derived hallucinogen that has played an important role in some Native American religious ceremonies
Peyote
This is a synthetic hallucinogenic drug also known as acid
LSD
This is a drug referred to as “angel dust”. It was made to be an anesthetic in the 50’s but discontinued when its hallucinogenic effect was discoverd
Phencyclidine / PCP
An abstract artist who used hallucinogens
Salvador Dali
What percent of americans older than 12 have tried marijuana?
40%
Cannabinoid receptors are activated by which neurotransmitter?
Anandamide
This is described as a program of supervised recovery from substance use provided in a hospital setting
Detoxification
This is a drug that discourages alcohol consumption because a combination of the two causes a violent response (nausea, headache, etc)
Disulfiram
This is a drug that blocks the high from alcohol, amphetamines, and opioids
Naltrexone
What medication may be prescribed for recovering cocaine and meth addicts?
Antidepressants
What medication may be prescribed for recovering heroin addicts?
Methadone
