Mood And Affect I Flashcards
Children with a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder have temper tantrums at least how many times per week?
3
Temper tantrums with verbal or behavioral outbursts out of proportion to the situation occur at least 3 times a week. Sometimes children and adolescents with this problem can maintain control in certain settings, such as school. To be diagnosed with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, individuals need to exhibit symptoms in at least two of the following settings—home, school, and with peers
When is the typical onset of persistent depressive disorder?
Teenage years
Because the onset of persistent depressive disorder is usually in the teenage years, patients will frequently express that they have “always felt this way” and that being depressed seems like normal functioning.
Which of the following physical symptoms may be present in premenstrual dysphoric disorder?
Bloating
Breast tenderness
Aching
Overreacting
Sleep disturbances
Other physical manifestations include lack of energy, overeating, hypersomnia or insomnia, breast tenderness, aching, bloating, and weight gain. Symptoms decrease significantly or disappear with the onset of menstruation.
What are some medications associated with depressive symptoms?
Anticonvulsants
Cardiovascular drugs
Antiviral agents
Antidepressants
Immunological agents
Antiviral agents
Cardiovascular drugs
Retinoic acid derivatives
Antidepressants
Anticonvulsants
Antimigraine agents
Antipsychotics
Hormonal agents
Smoking cessation agents
Immunological agents
Depressive disorder due to another medical condition may be caused by disorders that affect the body’s systems or from long-term illnesses that cause ongoing pain. There are clear associations, along with ____________ ____________, with some disease states.
Neuroanatomical Changes
Can individuals have seasonal depressive disorder in the summer?
Yes
Typically, individuals with this variation experience depressive symptoms in the fall and winter and then gain a full remission in the spring. While not as common, a subset of people will have summer depressive episodes. People with this diagnosis experience two seasonal depressive episodes within 2 years in the absence of a nonseasonal major depressive episode during the same time period.
Which are considered adverse childhood experiences?
Witnessing spousal abuse
Abuse
Substance use in the home
Neglect
Mental illness in the home
ACEs include abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), neglect, and household challenges such as mental illness, spousal abuse, and substance use.
Is there a specific gene directly related to the development of depression?
No
Certain genetic markers seem to be related to depression when accompanied by early childhood maltreatment or a history of stressful life events. In this case, there is no gene directly related to the development of the mood disorder. There is a genetic marker associated with depression in the context of stressful life events.
Neurotransmitter abnormalities associated with clinical depression can be the result of:
environmental factors
There is evidence to support the concept that many CNS neurotransmitter abnormalities may cause clinical depression. These neurotransmitter abnormalities may be the result of genetic or environmental factors or other medical conditions, such as cerebral infarction, Parkinson disease, hypothyroidism, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), or drug use
Stressful life events, especially ________, seem to be a significant factor in the development of depression.
Losses
About how many individuals with major depression have elevated inflammatory biomarkers in the absence of physical illness?
1/3
about a third of people with major depression have elevated inflammatory biomarkers in the absence of a physical illness. Also, people who have inflammatory diseases have an increased risk of major depression. Finally, people treated with cytokines to enhance immunity during cancer treatment develop major depression at a high rate. There is some evidence to suggest that antiinflammatory agents can improve therapeutic effects of antidepressants
diathesis-stress model.
The diathesis-stress model is basically the combination of nature and nurture. It is the interplay between genetic and biological risk factors and personality structure combined with life events that impact these vulnerabilities. This explains why two persons exposed to relatively similar events may respond differently.
This is the most widely accepted theory for mental illness.
What is the difference between the terms peripartum and postpartum depression?
Peripartum depression includes depression both during pregnancy and after childbirth, while postpartum depression refers specifically to depression after childbirth
