Monosaccharides + Disaccharides

Question 1

Definition of monomers?

Answer 1

the smaller units from which larger molecules are made

Question 2

Definition of polymer?

Answer 2

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined/bonded together

Question 3

What are the three monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides?

Answer 3

• Mono - Glucose fructose galactose
• Di - Sucrose maltose lactose
• poly - Starch cellulose glycogen

Question 4

what is the general formula for monosaccharides and ratio?

Answer 4

C:H:O = 1:2:1
Cn(H2O)n

Question 5

Triose Monosaccharides?

Answer 5

• No. Carbons = 3
• Formula = C3H6O3
• e.g. Glyceraldehyde (in glycolysis a stage of respiration)

Question 6

Tetrose monosaccharides?

Answer 6

• No. Carbons = 4
• Formula = C4H8O4

Question 7

Pentose monosaccharides?

Answer 7

• No. Carbons = 5
• Formula = C5H10O5
  e.g. Ribose/deoxyribose (sugars making up part of the RNA/DNA molecules)

Question 8

Hexose monosaccharides?

Answer 8

• No. Carbons = 6
• Formula = C6H12O6
  e.g. Alpha glucose, beta glucose (makes storage/ structural molecules) , fructose and Galactose

Question 9

Drawing glucose?

Answer 9

• Hexagon 5 carbons within, 6th coming off bond, Oxygen within hexagon too
• Number carbons to make easier to describe position - carbon one to the right of oxygen e.g hydrogen and hydroxyl coming off top and bottom
• alpha OH’s: Down up down down
• beta OH’s: Down up down up

Question 10

Isomer definition?

Answer 10

Two or more molecules with the same molecular formula different structure e.g. glucose has 2: alpha and beta

Question 11

what are disaccharides + examples?

Answer 11

Made of two monosaccharides joined/bonded together by a glycosidic bond formed via a condensation reaction

• Maltose = Alpha glucose + alpha glucose
• Lactose = alpha glucose + galactose
• Sucrose = Alpha glucose + fructose
  (+ water)

Question 12

how does hydrolysis reaction occur?

Answer 12

Add water back in - How molecules can be split apart through the addition of water

Question 12

How does a condensation reaction occur?

Answer 12

(Joining two molecules together through the removal of water)
- Water comes from hydrogen in a hydroxyl and a full hydroxyl on the other
- Take water out and left with molecules bonded together via oxygen
- Created disaccharide with a 1-4 glycosidic bond (Bond holding two monosaccharides together between C1 & 4)