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AS Biology > Monosaccharides > Flashcards

Monosaccharides Flashcards

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1
Q

monomer

A

smaller unit

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2
Q

examples of monomers

A
  • amino acids
  • glucose
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3
Q

examples of polymers

A
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • DNA
  • starch
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4
Q

3 types of carbs

A

1) monosaccharides
2) disaccharides
3) polysaccharides

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5
Q

monosaccharide general formula

A

CnH2nOn

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6
Q

examples of monosaccharides

A
  • fructose
  • glucose
  • galactose
    = hexose sugars ( 6 carbon atoms)
    fgg
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7
Q

examples of disaccharides

A
  • lactose
  • maltose
  • sucrose
    lms
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8
Q

what’s glucose split into?

A

alpha and beta

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9
Q

examples of polysaccharides

A
  • glycogen
  • cellulose
  • starch
    gcs
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10
Q

monosasccharide of glycogen

A

alpha glucose

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11
Q

structure of glycogen

A
  • long unbranched chains + side branches
  • 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
    Polysaccharide of α-glucose;
    2. (Joined by) glycosidic bonds
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12
Q

properties of glycogen

A
  • lots of branches = increase SA for enzymes to hydrolyse glycosidic bonds allowing glucose to be released quickly
  • compact molecule = good for storage
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13
Q

monosaccharide of cellulose

A

beta glucose

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14
Q

structure of cellulose

A

1,4 glycosidic bonds

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15
Q

properties of cellulose

A
  • Long and straight chains;
    2. Become linked together by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils;
    3. Provide strength
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16
Q

monosaccharide of starch

A

alpha glucose

17
Q

structure of starch

A

mix of amylose and amylopectin

18
Q

amylose

A
  • long unbranched chains
  • 1,4 glycosidic bonds
  • coiling makes it compact so stores more in a smaller space
19
Q

amylopectin

A
  • long branched chains
  • 1,6 glycosidic chains
  • insoluble in water so doesn’t affect osmosis
20
Q

Describe how monomers join to form the primary structure of a protein.

A
  1. Condensation reaction between amino acids;
  2. (Forming) peptide bonds;
  3. Creating sequence of amino acids

AS Biology (14 decks)

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