monomers, polymers and monosacharrides Flashcards
what is a monomer ?
smaller units which can create larger molecules and combine together to make a polymer
what is meant by a polymer ?
a large molecule made from lots of monomers bonded together
what are the 3 main monomers ?
- glucose (monosaccharides)
- amino acid
- nucleotide
what is the polymer made up of lots of amino acids
?
protein
what are the polymers made up of lots of nucleotides ?
DNA and RNA
at are the 3 elements that all carbohydrates all contain ?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
into which 3 categories do we group the carbohydrates into ?
- monosaccharides
- disaccharides
- polysaccharides
define a monosaccharide ?
- monosaccharides are the monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
it called when 2 units are bonded together ?
dimers
what are the 3 examples of monosaccharides ?
glucose
fructose
galactose
what are the 3 examples of disaccharides ?
sucrose
maltose
lactose
what are the 3 examples of polysaccharides ?
starch
cellulose
glycogen
write down the molecular formula of glucose ?
C6H12O6
draw alpha glucose structure
from notes
how do we number the carbons ?
start from the right of the oxygen and count round clockwise
what is meant by an isomer ?
molecules with the same molecular formula but different structure
what are the 2 isomers of glucose ?
alpha glucose and beta glucose
what is the main difference of the 2 glucose isomers ?
on carbon 1 =
alpha glucose has hydrogen on top and hydroxyl on bottom
beta glucose has hydroxyl on top and hydrogen on the bottom
