Monohybrid + Dihybrid Crosses Flashcards
How many pairs of autosomes are in a somatic cell?
22
What is an autosome?
Non-sex chromosomes
How many pairs of sex chromosomes are in a somatic cell?
1
What sex chromosomes are there?
X and Y
In meiosis, the chromosome number is cut in ________.
half
Why are there only 23 chromosomes in a haploid cell?
The mother and father’s gametes can fertilize into a zygote with 46 chromosomes.
What are genes?
Code for a particular trait.
What are examples of genes?
Eye color, hair color, height, etc.
What are alleles?
A form of genes (ex. alleles for brown eyes or blue eyes)
What is complete dominance?
Complete dominance is when the dominant allele completely masks the expression of the other allele.
What is a recessive allele?
An allele that is dominated by the dominant allele, and ultimately not expressed.
A trait can be ________ or ________.
homozygous or heterozygous
What does it mean for the trait to be homozygous?
There are two of the same alleles for a gene.
What does it mean for the trait to be heterozygous?
There are two different alleles for a gene.
What would be first cross between two alleles be referred to as?
The parent generation (or P generation)
What would the hybrid offspring of the parent generation be called?
The F1 generation
What is the generation following the F1 generation?
The F2 generation.
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of alleles, or combination of alleles for any given trait.
What is a phenotype?
The physical and psychological traits of an organism.
The ________ square helps us find all the possible combinations of genotypes.
Punnett
Monohybrid crosses involve two alleles for a __________ gene.
single
Dihybrid crosses involve _______ genes.
two
What is the Law of Independent Assortment?
If genes are located on separate chromosomes, they are inherited independently of each other.
We use the _________ method to find gamete combinations.
FOIL
