monogastric digestive system Flashcards
what is catabolic metabolism?
when larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules and energy
what is anabolic metabolism?
when smaller molecules and energy come together to create larger molecules
where does digestion take place?
in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract
what are the main organs of the GI tract?
- mouth and salivary glands
- oesophagus
- stomach
- small intestine
- caecum
- large intestine
- rectum
what are the accessory organs to the GI tract?
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
what are the teeth types found in usual animal dentition?
- incisors
- canines
- premolars
- molars
- (occasionally) diastema
what is the function of saliva in the digestive system?
starts enzyme breakdown and protects the oral mucosa
what is the structure and function of the oesophagus?
a long muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. sends food to the stomach via peristalsis
what is meant by “peristalsis”?
the movement of the muscles in the oesophagus to aid movement of food
what can be found inside the small intestines?
- mucosa
- muscle layers (circular and longitudal)
- serosa
what is the function of the components of the mucosa (villi, lacteals, mucosal ducts) in the small intestine?
villi - increase surface area and absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream
mucosal ducts - generate mucous
lacteals - absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins and fight infection
what is the overall function of the small intestines?
nutrient particles are absorbed into the bloodstream
what are the names of the three parts of the small intestines?
duodenum, jejunum and ileum
what is the function of the duodenum in the small intestine?
- first part of the small intestine
- helps further digest food
- contains enzymes from the pancreas
- contains bile
what is the function of the jejunum in the small intestine?
- middle part of the small intestine
- absorbs sugars, amino acids and fatty acids
what is the function of the ileum in the small intestine?
- the last part of the intestines
- absorbs all final nutrients
what is osmosis?
where enzymes are absorbed across a semipermeable membrane
what is diffusion?
where enzymes are absorbed from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is active transport?
where enzymes are absorbed from a high concentration to a low concentration requiring cellular work
what is the function of the caecum?
contains micro-organisms specialised for the digestion of cellulose (found in plant matter)
what is the function of the large intestines?
water and some nutrients are absorbed back into the body
what is the function of the rectum and the anus?
rectum - where waste passes through
anus - where waste passes out as faeces
what is the function of the liver in the digestive system?
- helps production and excretion of bile
- may also help metabolise fats
- helps enzyme activation
- stores glycogen
what is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?
stores and concentrates bile
