monogastric digestive system

Question 1

what is catabolic metabolism?

Answer 1

when larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules and energy

Question 2

what is anabolic metabolism?

Answer 2

when smaller molecules and energy come together to create larger molecules

Question 3

where does digestion take place?

Answer 3

in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract

Question 4

what are the main organs of the GI tract?

Answer 4

• mouth and salivary glands
• oesophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• caecum
• large intestine
• rectum

Question 5

what are the accessory organs to the GI tract?

Answer 5

• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas

Question 6

what are the teeth types found in usual animal dentition?

Answer 6

• incisors
• canines
• premolars
• molars
• (occasionally) diastema

Question 7

what is the function of saliva in the digestive system?

Answer 7

starts enzyme breakdown and protects the oral mucosa

Question 8

what is the structure and function of the oesophagus?

Answer 8

a long muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach. sends food to the stomach via peristalsis

Question 9

what is meant by “peristalsis”?

Answer 9

the movement of the muscles in the oesophagus to aid movement of food

Question 10

what can be found inside the small intestines?

Answer 10

• mucosa
• muscle layers (circular and longitudal)
• serosa

Question 11

what is the function of the components of the mucosa (villi, lacteals, mucosal ducts) in the small intestine?

Answer 11

villi - increase surface area and absorb nutrients from food into the bloodstream
mucosal ducts - generate mucous
lacteals - absorb fat and fat soluble vitamins and fight infection

Question 12

what is the overall function of the small intestines?

Answer 12

nutrient particles are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 13

what are the names of the three parts of the small intestines?

Answer 13

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

Question 14

what is the function of the duodenum in the small intestine?

Answer 14

• first part of the small intestine
• helps further digest food
• contains enzymes from the pancreas
• contains bile

Question 15

what is the function of the jejunum in the small intestine?

Answer 15

• middle part of the small intestine
• absorbs sugars, amino acids and fatty acids

Question 16

what is the function of the ileum in the small intestine?

Answer 16

• the last part of the intestines
• absorbs all final nutrients

Question 17

what is osmosis?

Answer 17

where enzymes are absorbed across a semipermeable membrane

Question 18

what is diffusion?

Answer 18

where enzymes are absorbed from a high concentration to a low concentration

Question 19

what is active transport?

Answer 19

where enzymes are absorbed from a high concentration to a low concentration requiring cellular work

Question 20

what is the function of the caecum?

Answer 20

contains micro-organisms specialised for the digestion of cellulose (found in plant matter)

Question 21

what is the function of the large intestines?

Answer 21

water and some nutrients are absorbed back into the body

Question 22

what is the function of the rectum and the anus?

Answer 22

rectum - where waste passes through
anus - where waste passes out as faeces

Question 23

what is the function of the liver in the digestive system?

Answer 23

• helps production and excretion of bile
• may also help metabolise fats
• helps enzyme activation
• stores glycogen

Question 24

what is the function of the gallbladder in the digestive system?

Answer 24

stores and concentrates bile

Question 25

what is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?

Answer 25

• creates pancreatic juices to neutralise stomach acids
• makes hormones (insulin and glycogen)