Monkeys

Question 1

Homo rudolfensis

Answer 1

1.9 million years old
Found in Koobi Fora, Kenya
Bell shaped cranium
Strong thick mandible
Large posterior teeth

Question 2

Homo habilis

Answer 2

2 million year old species similar to Australopithecus
Found in Koobi Fora, Kenya
Smaller molar teeth but maybe larger brains
No sagital crest
Sexually dimorphic
Forelimbs long, robust & strongly muscled, curved fingers
Hindlimbs short & relatively lightly built

Question 3

Paranthropus

Answer 3

2.5-1.2 million years old
Habitually bipedal
Massive jaws
Found in East and South Africa
Dry and open environment
Large crushing and grinding cheek teeth
Saggital crest
Ate seeds and nuts (high quantities of low quality foods)

Question 4

Australopithecus sediba

Answer 4

1.98 million years old
Small postcanine teeth
* Nasal pillars absent
* Widely spaced temporal lines, vertical parietals
* Brain reorganization?

Question 5

Australopithecus africanus

Answer 5

• 3.3-2 million years old
  Found in Sterkfontein, Taung and Makapansgat in South Africa
• Earliest hominin outside East Africa
• Clumps of woodland in open environment
  Tuang child

Question 6

Australopithecus afarensis

Answer 6

3.9-2.9 million years old
Primarily sites along Awash River, Hadar, Ethiopia and Laetoli,Tanzania
Climbing adaptations in arms and shoulder
Sexually dimorphic in body size (108 vs 70 lbs)
* Bipedal, but still spent time in the trees
* No conclusive evidence of stone tool making or
use, or of hunting
* May be ancestral to Homo (?)

Question 7

Australopithecus anamensis

Answer 7

Found in Lake Turkana, Kenya Middle Awash, Ethiopia
4.2-3.9 million years old
Mixed woodland, riverine forest and open grasslands
Bipedal based on knee joint and ankle joint

Question 8

Ardipithecus ramidus

Answer 8

Stem hominim
5.8 million and 4.4 million years old
Found in Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Had adaptations for bipedality

Question 9

Orrorin tugenensis

Answer 9

Stem hominim
6 million years old, found in Tugen Hills, Kenya
Femur suggests bipedalism, climbing adaptations
in the upper limb, maybe not a hominem

Question 10

Ardipithecus kadabba

Answer 10

Stem hominim
5.8-4.4 million years old
Middle Awash, Aramis, Ethiopia
Proximal foot phalanx suggests upright posture
Lived in a woodland environment

Question 11

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

Answer 11

Stem hominim
7-6 million years old, found in Toros Menalla, Chad
Femur maybe indicated bipedalism, ulnae suggest arboreality