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Basic > Monitors > Flashcards

Monitors Flashcards

1
Q

Flow volume loop what’s on top and what’s on bottom

A

expiration on top, inspirations on bottom

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2
Q

flow volume loop, bottom is blunted

A

variable extrathoracic obstruction

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3
Q

flow volume loop, top is blunted

A

variable intrathoracic obsturction

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4
Q

flow volume loop, both blunted

A

fixed large airway obstruction

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5
Q

peak pressures represents what

A

maximal resp pressure reached at end-inspiration
Sum of PEEP + Pelastic and Pres

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6
Q

after elimination of resistance, resultant pressure will represent what

A

plateau pressure

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7
Q

what is plateau pressure

A

sum of elastic pressure plus Peep
peak alveolar pressure equivalent

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8
Q

what is resistive pressure

A

pressure required to generate constant laminar flow in the airways at initiation of inspiration , increased in asthma, pulm edema acute, ards, copd

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9
Q

Dynamic effective compliance

A

= (Peak - PEEP)/tidal volume, compliance and resistance components but measures impedence

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10
Q

Pplat - PEEP = ???

A

Elastic pressure, pressure necessary to maintain progressive inflation of resp system

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11
Q

Static effective compliance

A

= (Plateau - PEEP)/tidal volume

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12
Q

what is dynamic effective compliance reduced by

A

decreased in lung or chest wall compliance or increase in resistance

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13
Q

airway occlusion pressure

A

measurement of resp NM activity, developed at trachea during first 0.1s of inspiratory effort against occluded airway (normal 90cm)

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14
Q

maximal inspiratory pressure

A

isometric pressure measured in totally occluded airway after 20 seconds of 10 breathing efforts. more negative is ability to tolerate extubation, less than -20 is contraindication

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15
Q

wavelengths that pulse ox emits

A

660nm red and 940nm near infrared

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16
Q

oxygenated blood absorbs what from pulse ox

A

absorbs more IR light, deoxygenated blood absorbs more red light

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17
Q

falsely normal/high SpO2 with leftward shift in dissociation curve

A

carboxyhemoglobinemia and methemoglobinemia

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18
Q

falsely normal or high SpO2 with rightward shift in diss curve

A

sulfhemoglobinemia

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19
Q

as a person ages, there’s an expected _____ in PaO2

A

decrease

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20
Q

A-a gradient in healthy individuals

A

10

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21
Q

A-a gradient normal in presence of hypoxemia, then hypoxemia is secondary what

A

hypoventilation or decreased inspired oxygen

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22
Q

A-a gradient increased in presence of hypoxemia then it’s secondary to what

A

V/Q mismatch, pulmonary shunt, diffusion barrier

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23
Q

If both pH and PaCO2 move in same direction is it resp or metabolic

A

metabolic

23
Q
A
24
Q

normal anion gap causes

A

fistulas (pancreatic), saline admin, hyperPTH, diarrhea, carbonic anhydrase inhib, RTA, spironolactone

25
Q

as temp decreases, solubility of O2 and CO2 ______

A

increases

26
Q

as temp decreases, PO2 and PCO2 ______

A

decrease

27
Q

for every decrease in temp 1C, pH will increase by _______

A

0.015

28
Q

volatile agents effect on EEG

A

progressive depression at higher doses, burst suppression at 1.5 MAC

29
Q

IV anesthetic affect on EEG

A

at higher doses, produce typical EEG anesthetic depression

30
Q

Nitrous oxide and ketamine effect on EEG

A

N2O produces fast oscillatory EEG, ketamine increases theta, no burst suppression

31
Q

Opioids effect on EEG

A

loss of beta waves, slow alpha waves, increase in delta waves

32
Q

precedex EEG

A

slow-wave sleep

33
Q

hypoglycemia EEG

A

increased delta and theta

34
Q

CBF EEG

A

rapid and progressive changes, loss of high-frequency activity, loss of power and EEG silence

35
Q

delta (0-4hz)

A

deep sleep, vague dreams

36
Q

theta (4-8Hz)

A

drowsiness

37
Q

Alpha (12-25Hz)

A

awake, non-focused, eyes closed

38
Q

beta (12-25)

A

awake and alert, focused attention, problem solving, eyes open

39
Q

Gamma (25-100)

A

extreme focus, cognitive processing

40
Q

initial intraop temp drop cause

A

redistribution

41
Q

most heat lost in periop setting

A

radiation

42
Q

critical velocity =

A

reynolds numberviscosity / densityradius

43
Q

fixed-orifice flowmeters

A

channel gas thorugh narrowed conduit, narrowing increases resistance to flow dropping the pressure of the gas as it exits, velocity and pressure flowmeter

44
Q

variable orifice flowmeter

A

use drop in pressure across resistor to calculate flow but contain a flap that opens the diameter of the orifice at high flows and narrows at low flows

45
Q

Thorpe tube

A

constant pressure, variable orifice, bobbin stops rising or falling when pressure difference above and below equals weight

46
Q

Bourdon tube

A

measure and display high pressure of gas cyclinders, contstnt orifice and variable pressure

47
Q

high airway pressure alarm

A

when peak or plateau pressure reaches above set threshold

48
Q

continuing pressure alarm

A

when pressure is greater tha 10cm H2O for more than 15 seconds, signals that gas is unable to exit system and pressure is gradually building within, relief valve is stuck, oxygen flush activated, APL closed, scavenging system occluded

49
Q

low pressure alarm

A

when circuit doesn’t reach a min threshold within specific period of time

50
Q

airway fire steps

A

remove tracheal tube, stop flow of airway gases, remove any flammable material, pour saline

51
Q

line isolation system

A

protect people from electrocution in OR by power isolation and continuous monitoring of the isolated power system integrity, designed to detect short circuits or leakage currents and to alert OR personale if peice of equip is no longer isolated from ground

52
Q

microshock

A

current applied directly to the heart, LIM will not alarm for these currents

53
Q

macroshock

A

occurs when much larger current passes through the body usually skin

54
Q

_____ the transthoracic impedance against an electrical current can improve successful defibrillation

A

decreasing

55
Q

ways to decrease impedance of defibrillation

A

applying firm pressure (25lb), proper paddle sizes and gel, defibrillation during end-expiration, stacked shock strenghts

56
Q

when on ekg does synchronized cardioversion take place

A

R wave of QRS

Basic (8 decks)

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