Monitoring training and competition loads in team sports Flashcards
Explain the dose-response relationship
External load: what stimulus applied
Internal load: what stress imposed
Fatigue: how is athlete coping with load
Prepardness to play: athlete physically prepared
What prescribe training on what 5 principles?
Frequency Intensity Type Time/duration Composition
What are some player characteristics?
Maximal sprinting speed Vo2max Nutrition Gross efficiency 3RM strength Prolonged intermittent running performance
What is the relationship between injury burden and league points tally in premiership rugby union players?
Negative (more injury days, less points
What methods are currently available to quantify the training dose?
Subjective - RPE
Objective - HR
Internal
External - 1000m
Give some examples of internal measures
RPE sRPE HR HR to RPE ratio Lactate Conc HR recovery Questionnaire/diaries Biochemical/hormonal/immunological assessments
Give some examples of external measures
Power output
Time-motion analysis
Neuromuscular function
Define motion
A change in position of an object over time
How can motion measure acceleration?
Distance over time = speed
Change in speed/change in time = acceleration
Describe arbitrary motion
Same zone for everybody, no physiological justification but can compare between players
Describe individualised motion
Zones anchored to physiological or testing scores
Describe the definitions of the zones
Zone 2 - lactate threshold
Zone 3 - lactate turnpoint
Zone 5 - 95% of max speed
Why are direct measurements of internal load preferred?
It is the internal physiological and biochemical load that disrupts homeostasis and elicits training induced adaptation
How do you calculate sRPE?
Scale x duration of session
Advantages of sRPE
Inexpensive
Can be quantified for all types of training
Limitations of sRPE
Does it provide a valid measure across all types of training?
Considerations when collecting
Realistically, only rating the intensity of every session on a 6 point scale
Name the method of heart rate based training load methods
Edwards TRIMP
Describe Edwards TRIMP
It is one of the most common used methods
Time spent in % of HR zones multiplied by zone weighting factor and summated
What are the limitations/assumptions of Edwards TRIMP?
Arbitrary choice of weighting factors for each zone
Assumes time spent at 90-100% is 5 times more physiologically demanding than time at 50-59%
Each % intensity in a given zone is given the same weighting factor
Describe the results of Denadai et al, 2006
1 group at 95% Vo2max - increase VLT, 5000m
Other group 100% Vo2max - increase VLT, 5000m, 1500m and vVo2max
When duration is controlled and only intensity manipulated even by a small amount, adaptations to training differ
Therefore, some evidence to suggest that use of HR zones and the same weighting factors likely to under present the true stress of a given training session
What is iTRIMP?
Individualised training impulse
Weight factor for every heartbeat
What is a limitation of iTRIMP?
Adaptation occurs due to training and values are useless
Need to frequently update lactate and HR relationships in the lab
Often not feasible with professional sport training and competition demands
What is measurement validity?
Validity refers to the agreement between the value of a measurement and its true value
How do you calculate external load validity?
GPS vs. Speed measured via speed gun and distance measured by tape
How do you calculate internal load validity?
sRPE vs. Edwards TRIMP
Shown by a correlation
Given this definition can any single measure capture the true value of the internal load?
How do you measure training load dose-response validity?
- assess starting fitness - yo-yo, phys markers
- training period - collect training load measures during this period
- assess ‘end fitness’ using same test
- calculate change in scores following training period
What is a challenge of using the dose-response relationship in the field?
Agreement of intensity of session that coach wants vs. what the athlete rated the intensity at
(easy session - athletes thought harder
hard session - athletes found it easier)
Describe the characteristics of a small sided game
Less distance covered
Less high speed movement
More acceleration and deceleration
Why would you not just use total distance to assess methods of training?
There would be no difference between skill and speed however there would be a difference in the amount spent walking/jogging (skill) and striding/sprinting (speed)
Can a players training load/fatigue on a given day provide us with insights to injury risk?
Not about fatigue, low 28 day accumulation load
Getting injured after returning to sport or increased training load
How can training load be used to predict fitness?
Starting fitness + 6wk internal load = end fitness
Starting fitness and the distance covered at very high speed showed the strongest relationship with end fitness
Starting fitness + distance above 7m/s + equation error = end fitness
Can we predict the squads end fitness response?
Useful to guide our decision making but still a long way to go o predict specific amount of response
