Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Monitoring anesthesia > Flashcards

Monitoring anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

4 areas of anesthesia monitoring:

A

¡ Neurological monitoring (reflexes)
¡ Cardiovascular monitoring
¡ Respiratory monitoring
¡ Anesthetic depth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Methods of monitoring cardiovascular function: (6)

A

¡ visualization of the mucous membranes
¡ pulse palpation

¡ auscultation of the heart
¡ electrocardiography

¡ blood pressure assessment
¡ pulse oximetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what data do you seek via pulse palpation? (3)

A

¡ Pulse rate
¡ Pulse rhythm
¡ Vessel “tone”

The pulse should be full, regular and strong.

The “tone” of the artery gives an impression of degree of vasodilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name the 2
commonly palpated arteries

A

The femoral or dorsal pedal arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulse quality is an indicator of

A

stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A pulse indicates what exactly

A

the pressure difference between systole and diastole

the smaller the difference the weaker the pulse
the bigger the difference the stronger the pulse

so a strong pulse does not automatically equal good pressure (ie. 75/25)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulse does not equal

A

heart rate

but these are strongly correlated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intra arterial catheters favor what location

A

dorsal pedal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

large animal pulse can easily be checked

A

ie. transverse facial artery, facial artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sinoatrial node (sinus node) is located..?

A

in the wall of the right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the P wave signifies?

A

(both) atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the P-Q interval signifies…?

A

how long the electrical signal pauses in the atrioventricular node when its coming from the sinoatrial node in the right atrium on its way to the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is hidden under the QRS complex

A

atrial relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the T wave signifies?

A

ventricular repolarization

there is never a situation in which one might have an ecg with qrs complex without t wave (except death).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a narrow QRS complex signifies..?

A

the impulse is coming from the AV node alone (which takes over when the sinus node is not working)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens when neither sinus nor AV nodes work?

A

purkinje fibers take over and cause ventricular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ecg monitoring, electrode placement on patient

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ecg measures

A

electrical activity of cardiac cells

you can have a beat on ecg but no pulse (ie. cardiac tamponade/compression) (pulseless electrical activity)!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

During anesthesia ECG is mainly used to

A

monitor the heart rate and rhythm

ECG monitors normally count the QRS complexes as a measurement of HR, but sometimes may also count some or all T waves.

The displayed HR should be double checked
regularly by comparison with auscultation and pulse palpation.

20
Q

each P wave has a QRS complex, each QRS complex has a T wave. what is this?

A

sinus rhythm

21
Q

respiratory sinus rhythm is normal for?
higher heart rate on inspiration, lower on expiration

A

dogs

but not cats

22
Q

sinus bradycardia may occur in what physiological state?

A

hypothermia

(also caused by alfa 2 agonists etc.)

23
Q

how do you know a lone P wave is a P wave?

A

there are no T waves without QRS complexes is how so in the image the lone wave must be a P wave (ecg depicts brady arrhythmia, AV block)

24
Q

blood pressure is

A

the force the blood applies against the blood vessel walls

25
Q

Arterial blood pressure Provides information regarding the adequacy of

A

blood flow to the patient’s tissue

At a mean arterial blood pressure below 65 mmHg, organ and tissue perfusion is inadequate (hypotension).

26
Q

The systolic blood pressure is determined by a combination of (3)

A

peripheral vascular resistance,
stroke volume, and
intravascular volume

diastolic blood pressure primarily arises from peripheral vascular resistance.

27
Q

diastolic blood pressure primarily arises from

A

peripheral vascular resistance

28
Q

which organs can auto regulate blood pressure in a certain range?

A

brain and kidneys

29
Q

Normal systolic blood pressure range for
anesthetized dogs and cats is between

A

90 mmHg and 120 mmHg,

diastolic blood pressure ranges
between 55 mmHg and 90 mmHg

30
Q

Normal diastolic blood pressure range for
anesthetized dogs and cats is between

A

between 55 mmHg and 90 mmHg

31
Q

Oscillometry =

A

Non-invasive method of blood pressure measurement, 1 measurement per 3 min max to allow the cuff and artery to rebound.

Automatically determine arterial BP by measuring pressure oscillations in a cuff placed around an extremity

¡ Can determine all three arterial
pressures

32
Q

A blood pressure cuff that is too wide will result in

A

underestimation of the pressure, while that which is too narrow will result in overestimation

33
Q

MAP minimum for adequate organ perfusion?

A

At a mean arterial blood pressure below 65 mmHg, organ and tissue perfusion is inadequate (hypotension).

34
Q

doppler technique for NIBP is still useful for what patients?

A

very small animals such as neonates

35
Q

‘gold standard’ for BP measurement

A

Invasive BP measurement

A catheter is placed into an artery and then
connected to a pressure transducer and
monitor/recorder.

Provides a continuous, beat to beat assessment of the patient’s blood pressure, is more accurate in hypotensive situations.

Note: do not use too large a gauge to avoid arterial thrombosis.

36
Q

Oxygen saturation simply refers to the
percentage of

A

available hemoglobin that carries oxygen.

37
Q

Describe Pulse oximeter waveform:
normal
low perfusion
motion artifact

A
38
Q

Main 3 causes for rebreathing of CO2

A

faulty expiratory valve
inadequate inspiratory flow/ too much dead space
sodalime exhausted tms.

39
Q

patient related causes of elevated ETCO2

A
40
Q

patient related causes of decreased ETCO2

A
41
Q

Blood gas or acid-base analysis allows to
evaluate..?

A

the partial pressure of important
respiratory gases and pH of arterial blood

42
Q

Low pH with High PaCO2 =

A

Low pH: the patient is acidotic
¡ High PaCO2 - respiratory acidosis

43
Q

Low pH with Low HCO3 =

A

the patient is acidotic
¡ Low HCO3 – metabolic acidosis

44
Q

High pH with Low PaCO2 =

A

the patient is alkalotic
Low PaCO2 – respiratory alkalosis

45
Q

High pH with High HCO3 =

A

the patient is alkalotic
High HCO3 – metabolic alkalosis

46
Q

Corneal reflex during anesthesia

A

Corneal reflex: does not disappear until deep
anesthesia. Should always be present.

Not normally used.

47
Q

Nystagmus during anesthesia can indicate:
(2)

A

usually indication of excitement and
light anesthesia. However, dissociative anesthetics (e.g., Ketamine) cause nystagmus at moderate anesthetic depth.

In horses, central stimulation induced by severe hypoxia or hypercapnia also causes this phenomenon, and should not be
confused with light plane of anesthesia as animals are perishing!

Anesthesiology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions