Monitoring

Question 1

Monitoring required for anaesthetics

Answer 1

ECG
NIBP
Pulse oximeter
Airway pressure
Airway gases

Question 2

NIBP

Answer 2

Non invasive blood pressure

Question 3

Airway gases monitored

Answer 3

O2
CO2
Anaesthetic agents

Question 4

ECG monitoring

Answer 4

Three lead
Usually use lead II
Can use either I,II or III though

Question 5

ECG electrode placement

Answer 5

Ride Your Green Bike

Question 6

Indications for invasive BP monitoring

Answer 6

• Patient unstable e.g. hypovolaemia
• Critical perfusion states e.g. carotid stenosis
• Deliberate induced hypotension e.g. middle ear surgery
• Movement artefact e.g. during transfer

Question 7

Pulse oximeter mechanism

Answer 7

Differences in absorption of Red light vs infrared by oxy Hb vs deoxy Hb

Question 8

Formula used by pulse oximeter to calculate sats

Answer 8

SpO2 = 100 x [HbO2] / [Deoxy Hb] + [HbO2]

Question 9

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 98%

Answer 9

14

Question 10

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 96%

Answer 10

12

Question 11

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 93%

Answer 11

10

Question 12

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 90%

Answer 12

8

Question 13

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 80%

Answer 13

6

Question 14

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 58%

Answer 14

4

Question 15

Approximate PO2 from SpO2 22%

Answer 15

2

Question 16

Causes of artefact in pulse oximetry

Answer 16

Pulse plethysmograph
Extraneous light
Carboxyhaemoglobin
Movement artefact

Question 17

CO measurement

Answer 17

oesophageal doppler

pulse contour analysis

Question 18

Pulse contour analysis

Answer 18

use of arterial waveform to estimate stroke volume

Question 19

Haldane effect

Answer 19

Higher affinity of Hb for CO2 at lower PaO2

Question 20

CIs to cannula

Answer 20

lymph removal
fistula
prvs DVT/infection

Question 21

Cannula size

Answer 21

24G (neoflon)
22G blue
20G pink
18G green
16G grey
14G orange