Monitoring Flashcards
How to establish depth of anaesthesia
- jaw tone
– want it loose - palpebral reflex
- eye position
What does a central eye with a dilated pupil for an anaesthetised (otherwise normal) animal indicate?
- too much CNS depression
- the pt is too deep
What does a central eye with a normal or constricted pupil for an anaesthetised (otherwise normal) animal indicate?
- potentially too light for surgery
Why is checkin eyes an unreliable indicator of depth of anaesthesia with ketamine?
- ket increases muscle tone
- eyes tend to rotate the way they do during anaesthesia bc of muscle relaxation
- therefore, with ket the eyes don’t move as they would with other drugs
Which breeds often maintain jaw tone during anaesthesia?
- brachycephalics
What problems can peri-operative hypothermia cause?
- slow recoveries
- post-op wound infections
Monitoring the CV system - what can you monitor?
- HR and rhythm
- mm colour and CRT
- bleeding from surgical site
- bp
- haemoglobin oxygen saturation
- arrhythmias
Normal heart rate range for dog or cat under GA
- 60-120bpm
What must you do to assess the CV system in conjunction to listening to the heart with a stethoscope?
- palpate the pulses at the same time
What colour mm and CRT indicate vasodilation? Examples of causes of this
- usually v pink or red with rapid CRT
- sepsis
- anaesthetic drugs e.g. anaphylaxis
- low MAP
What colour mm and CRT indicate vasoconstriction? Examples of causes of this
- usually v pale with slow CRT
- anaemia
- inadequate blood flow
- alpha-2 agonists
What should healthy gums be?
- pink & moist
What do dry or tacky mm indicate?
- dehydration
- hypovolaemia
What do wet mm indicate?
- over infusion
- nausea
What is cyanosis?
- bluish/purplish discolouration of the skin or mm due to tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation
