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Monera Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the members of Kingdom Monera?

A

Bacteria is the sole member of kingdom monera

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2
Q

The cell wall of prokaryotes are made of?

A

The cell wall is made of peptidoglycans

peptide- amino acid—> NAM, NAG
glycans- carbohydrate—> glucose, galactose, mannose

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3
Q

Cell membrane of the prokaryotes are made of-

A

Lipoproteins

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4
Q

The space between the cell wall and the cell membrane of monerans is caked?

A

Periplasmic space where the digestion takes place and is analogous to Lysosome

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5
Q

What kind of cell organelles do they have?

A

Membraneless cell organelles

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6
Q

The nucleus of the the prokaryotes is known as-

A

Incipient nucleus
Genophore
Nucleoid
Fibrillar nucleus

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7
Q

Does the nucleus have nucleolus in prokaryotes?

A

No, prokaryotes lack nucleolus

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8
Q

Does prokaryotes have true chromosome or false chromosome? if either, explain its constituents.

A

Prokaryotes have false chromosome which is made up of
:
ds circular naked dna + non histone protein like polyamines. the false chromosome coils and forms the chromosomal region called nucleoid.

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9
Q

What kind of ribosome do prokaryotes have?

A

70s ribosomes

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10
Q

Who first observed Eubacteria?

A

Leeuwenhoek

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11
Q

What did Robert Koch price?

A

He proved that bacteria are the cause of diseases.

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12
Q

Examples of prokaryotes

A 
Eubacteria 
Archaebacteria 
Mycoplasma 
BGA
Actinomycetes 
Chlamydia 
Rickettsia
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13
Q

Koch Postulate is not applicable on?

A

Obligate parasite (Mycobacterium leprae)

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14
Q

Shapes of Bacteria

A

Cocci- Spherical
Bacillus- Rod
Spirilla- Spirrillum
Vibrio- Comma shaped

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15
Q

No flagella

A

Atrichous

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16
Q

One flagella at one end of the bacterium

A

Monotrichous

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17
Q

Single flagellum present on both ends

A

Amphitrichous

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18
Q

Bunch of flagellum on both ends

A

Lophotrichous

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19
Q

Bunch of flagella present on one end

A

Cephalotrichous

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20
Q

Flagella on the whole body

A

Peritrichous

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21
Q

Part of flagella

A

Basal body
Hook
Filament

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22
Q

Where is the basal body situated?

A

it lies in the cell wall and cell membrane

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23
Q

The outer pair of rings of basal body

A

L and P lying on the cell wall

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24
Q

Inner ring of basal body

A

Present on the cell membrane S and P

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25
who has only one pair of rings?
Gram+ bacteria
26
The protein monomers of flagellum protein in prokaryotes and eukaryotes respectively and their arrangement
Prokaryotes- flagellin protein | Eukaryotes- tubulin protein arranger in 4+4 manner
27
F pili occurs in the female or male
Male bacteria
28
A bacteria is infectious. What kind of pili does it possess?
Short pili
29
A non contractile protein is a monomer of what and give its name
Pilin is a non contractile protein monomer
30
Do pili and flagella both play a role on motility?
No. Only flagella is resp for motility, not pili
31
What kind of a glycocalyx does capsule and slime have?
Capsule- tough, smooth, thick Slime- loose, rough, thin
32
Formation of glycocalyx is done by?
Cell membrane
33
What is capsule and slime made up of?
Capsule- polysaccharide and polypeptide Slime- polysaccharide
34
What does Lister form mean?
Listen form is a cell wall-less bacteria which is removed artificially by lysozyme.
35
Function of Peripheral mesosome
Cell respiration and cell wall secretion
36
Function of central mesosome
DNA duplication and cell division
37
Reserve materials in prokaryotes are stored in?
Cytoplasm in the form of inclusion bodies
38
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal or extra nuclear genetic material Term given by Leaderberg Plasmids can replicate independently
39
Types of plasmid
• F-plasmid: on the presence of absence of F factor - F+ cells: containing f factor acts as a donor and are called male - F- cells: lacking F factor acts as recipient, female • R factor: resistant to antibiotics
40
Episome
F plasmid attached with the main DNA and this type of cell is jow as Hfr cell (High frequency recombinant cell)
41
Staining of bacteria
Bacteria culture. Crystal Violet Soln and KI soln. Washed with acetone or ethylene alcohol. Stained: Gram + not stained: Gram- which is stained by saffranine
42
First photosynthetic bacteria
Eubacteria
43
First oxygenic bacteria
BGA (cyanobacteria)
44
Examples of photosynthetic bacteria
1. Purple sulphur bacteria- eg Chromatium 2. Green sulphur bacteria- eg Chlorobium and Thiotrix 3. Purple non sulphur bacteria- Rhodospirillum and Rhodopseudomonas
45
Nitrite bacteria
Chemosynthetic converts ammonia to nitrite Nitrosomonas Nitrococcus
46
Nitrate bacteria
converts nitrite to nitrate Nitrobacter
47
give an example of obligate saprotroph
Clostridium botulinum
48
Facultative parasite
normally saprophytic but in absence of matter they become a parasite Pseudomonas
49
Obligate parasite
always parasitic Mycobacterium leprae
50
Facultative bacteria
Normally parasitic but sometimes saprotrophs Mycobacterium tuberculosis
51
Symbiotic bacteria
Converts atmospheric nitrogen to amino acid, NO3, salt or ammonia Rhizobium
52
Obligate aerobic
Azotobacter
53
Facultative aerobic
Acetobacter aceti | Clostridium tetani
54
Obligate anaerobic
Clostridium botulinum
55
Facultative aerobic
Lactobacillus
56
Endospore
1. Endospore occurs under unfavourable condition. 2. It is a highly resistant structure. it is resistant to high temp, radiation, antibiotics and chemicals. 3. “reproduction without multiplication” 4. highly resistant due to Ca-dipicolinate 5. seen mostly in bacillus type bacteria’s
57
Binary fission occurs under favourable or unfavourable condition?
Favourable condition
58
Where was conjugation first discovered and by whom?
By Leaderberg and Tatum in E. Coli
59
Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
60
Leprosy
Mycobacterium leprae
61
Tetanus
Clostridium tetani
62
Typhoid
Salmonella typhoid
63
Cholera
Vibrio cholera
64
Anthrax
Bacillus anthrasis (in animals)
65
Bacterial leaf blight in rice
Xanthomonas oryzae (in plants)
66
Crown y’all in many plants
agrobacterium tumefaciens
67
Food poisoning
Clostridium botulinum. | Damages the parasympathetic nervous system.
68
Water pollution
Salmonella typhoid
69
Biological weapons
Anthrax causing Botulism Cholera causing bacteria

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