Monday - Contraceptives - Pearson Flashcards

1
Q

Method effectiveness vs user effectivness

A

method - theoretical

user - actual

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2
Q

Natural methods

A

don’t have sex

not ejaculation around ovulation - 5days prior or 3 days after ovulation

checking basal temperature

cervical mucous - ovulating when it’s abundant/egg white/watery

require a regular cycle

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3
Q

When does ovulation happen in the menstrual cycle (normal)

A

14 days in 28 day cycle
day
day 18 in longer cycle

luteal phase is constant 14 days prior to period

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4
Q

Barrier methods

A
female condom
male condom
spermicide
diaphragm
cervical cap
sponge
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5
Q

Male Condoms

A

BEST STI protection
many have spermicide on them
recommended to use along with other options

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6
Q

Female Condomas

A

non-latex
also prevent STI
more expensive
make them less noisy now -_-

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7
Q

Diaphragm

A

requires fitting
use with spermicide
need to leave in for 6 hours after intercourse
they are latex

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8
Q

cervical cap

A

silicone
must be fit
leave in for 6 hours after intercourse

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9
Q

sponge

A

moisten and insert for up to 24 hours, not super effective

increase UTI’s

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10
Q

spermicide

A

damages cell membranes of sperm and bacteria, can cause irritation. best if used with condom or diaphragm

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11
Q

Primary moa for hormonal methods

A

estrogen and progesterone inhibit Gonadotropin release - prevents ovulation

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12
Q

contraindications with estrogen/progesterone

A
stroke
CAD
estrogen dependant tumor
pregnancy
smoker over 35
migraine with nuro sx
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13
Q

off label oses for OCP’s

A

reduce dysmenorrea/menorrhagia
decreases ovarian, endometrial and colorectal cancers
improves acne
improves osteopenea

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14
Q

Main differences in pill contraceptives

A

all have ranging amounts of estrogen

range in amount and type of progesterone

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15
Q

side effects of the pill

A

breast tenderness
headaches
nausea
bad lipid profile

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16
Q

first gen oral drug with fewer side effects

A

norethindrone

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17
Q

most common oral pill

A

levonorgestrel (plan B)

18
Q

3rd gen oral pill good for acne

A

norgestimate

higher stoke rate

19
Q

pill that’s a spironolactone analog

A

drospiridone
mineralocorticoid effects
less weight gain

20
Q

4th gen pill, best for what

A

dienogest

metromennorhagia

21
Q

monophasic pill

A

same dose for 3 weeks then placebo week

22
Q

biphasic/triphasic pill

A

varrying doses for 3 weeks then placebo week

23
Q

extendend cycle pill

A

saesonale - 84 days fixed dose then placepo week

lybrel - fixed dose always

24
Q

prescribing the right pill

A

start with low dose. wait 2-3 cycles to asses side effects

25
how to start the pill
start on sunday after period | take at same time every day
26
common side effects
breakthrough bleeding in forst 10 days - increase estrogen after 10 days - increase progestin
27
vaginal ring
wear 3 weeks. out 1 week | similar effecacy as oral
28
transdermal patch
change once per week for 3, then off for a week
29
Progesterone only options good for who?
if they have a lot of side effects or they are contraindicated for a combination
30
downfall to starting a progesterone only pill
irregular bleeding for a while, but over time they will stop having periods
31
benefits to progesterone only
reduced menstrual flow little risk for stroke reduced risk for cancer
32
downfall of progesterone only pills
have to take within 3 hours every day
33
injectable (4x per year) progesterone and it's limitation
medroxyprogesterone (depo-prevara) only be on it for 2 years or else bones weaken
34
Implant progesterone
implanon, nexplanon | effective for 3 years
35
Ermergency contraceptives | are effective when
within 72-120 hours
36
Plan B
Progestin only | less nausea and vomitting - 2 step and 1 step options
37
Ella can be used when
up to 5 days | has to be perscribed
38
Yuzpe method
can just take 4 pills of lose dose or 2 pills of high dose within 72 hours of intercourse causes nausea
39
IUD 3 options
copper (paragard)- pre-fertilization effect. foreign body - infammation. still have periods, may be worse. - 10 years (mirena) slow dose levonorgesrel - 5 years (skyla) low dose levonorgesrel - works for 3 years
40
IUDs dont cause PID unless
you have and infection during insertion
41
Tubal Ligation
Laparoscopic can do during c section decreases risk for cancer
42
vasectomy adverse effects
can do under local anesthesia procedural effects need semen analysis to show no motile sperm