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Mon Flashcards

1
Q

first degree heart block

A

prolonged conduction of electrical activity through the AV node

PR interval >200ms.

no treatment

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2
Q

second degree heart block

A

Mobitz Type I and Mobitz Type II

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3
Q

Mobitz Type I

A

reversible conduction block at the AV node

progressive lengthening of the PR interval

no QRS

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4
Q

treatment of Mobitz Type I

A

symptoms -

stop bb/ccb/digoxin

atropine

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5
Q

Mobitz Type II sign and treatment

A

broad QRS

pacemaker

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6
Q

when is thrombolysis indicated

A

<4.5h

no signs of haemorrage

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7
Q

what do you do when haemorrage on ct

A

refer to neuro

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8
Q

acute pancreatitis symptoms

A

epigastric pain radiating to back

vomiting

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9
Q

Central retinal artery occlusion

A

history of atheromatous disease and sudden, painless, unilateral vision loss

cherry red spot

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10
Q

treatment of Central retinal artery occlusion

A

Ocular massage – to dislodge the embolu

Vasodilation with isosorbide dinitrate

Anterior chamber paracentesis – to help dislodge the embolus

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11
Q

acute pancreatitis investigations

A

serum amylase

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12
Q

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane disease/goodpastures

A

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis by IgM antibodies attacking lungs and kidneys

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13
Q

treatment of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane disease/goodpastures

A

plasma exchange- removing antibodies

immunosuppression with high-dose oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide

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14
Q

how to assess melanoma

A

A = asymmetry
B = border
C = colour
D = diameter
E = evolution

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15
Q

CURB-65 score

A

Confusion +/-
Urea >7
Respiratory Rate >30
Blood pressure: systolic < 90 or diastolic <60
More than 65 years old

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16
Q

CAP treatment

A

amoxicilin

clarithromycin/doxy

Erythromycin for pregnancy

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17
Q

what drugs can cause postural hypotension

A

Tamsulosin- for benign prostatic hyperplasia

anti hypertensives

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18
Q

Cerebral palsy early symptoms

A

‘scissor’ gait

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19
Q

causes of conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia/jaundice

A

CF- meconium illeus

biliary atresia

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20
Q

causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia/jaundice

A

gilberts

breast milk jaundice

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21
Q

signs of nephritic syndrome

A

Haematuria and Hypertension

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22
Q

signs of nephrotic syndrome

A

oedema

proteinuria

hypoalbuminaemia

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23
Q

Perthes disease

A

avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children

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24
Q

Perthes disease signs and symptoms

A

gradual onset limp and hip pain and knee pain

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25
Q

Perthes disease management

A

less than 50% of the femoral head involvement conservative

severe instances may require a plaster cast/ osteotomy

26
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis sign

A

more ALT than AST

27
Q

fanconi syndrome

A

defect in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) causing impaired resorption causing renal T2 tubular acidosis

28
Q

Renal Tubular acidosis type 1

A

reduced H+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubule

29
Q

fanconi syndrome signs

A

glucosuria and proteinuria and acidic pH

30
Q

Renal tubular acidosis type 1 signs

A

pH >5.5 and low K and bicarb

31
Q

absolute indication for renal replacement therapy

A

hyperkalaemia,

metabolic acidosis,

pulmonary oedema

pericarditis, encephalopathy and seizures

32
Q

Gilbert’s syndrome

A

impaired bilirubin metabolism

mild jaundice that worsens with fasting, illness, and stress

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

33
Q

treatment for hypertension in patients over 55 years with no T2 diabetes

A

amlodipine

34
Q

mitral regurgitation sign

A

pan-systolic murmur best heard over the apex most likely cause by mitral valve prolapse

35
Q

wrist drop with triceps weakness

A

Radial (at the axilla)

36
Q

biliary atresia signs and sypmptoms

A

prolonged jaundice

dark urine and pale stools

37
Q

carcinoid syndrome

A

rare, slow-growing neural crest tumours that secrete serotonin in appendix and small intestine

38
Q

carcinoid tumour symptoms

A

abdominal pain, diarrhoea, flushing, wheezing, and pulmonary stenosis

39
Q

indication of liver transplant after paracetamol overdose

A

Arterial pH < 7.3 24 hours after ingestion

prothrombin time >100s

creatinine > 300umol/L and grade III or IV encephalopathy

40
Q

COPD treatment

A

SAMA/SABA

+LABA+LAMA (no asthma)
+LABA + ICS (asthma)

+ICS

41
Q

5HT antagonist and when use

A

Ondansetron- anti emetic

Acute gastroenteritis, post-op, radiotherapy- or chemotherapy-induced

42
Q

Cyclizine type of drug

A

H1 receptor antagonist

42
Q

Domperidone, metoclopramide type of drugs

A

D2 receptor antagonist

43
Q

anti emetic for palliative care and type of drug

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

anti muscarinic

44
Q

which hepatitis leads to acute liver failure

A

A and E

45
Q

which hepatitis leads to chronic liver failure

A

B and C

can only get D if have B

46
Q

where do you feel pulse for in unresponsive infant

A

carotid

brachial

47
Q

Wilson’s disease what is is

A

recessive

10-20 yo

copper

48
Q

symptoms of wilsons

A

depression, loss of memory and delusions,

neurological symptoms include tremor, dysarthria and dystonia

hepatitis

49
Q

treatment of wilsons

A

D-penicillamine and trientine-chelators

zinc salts

50
Q

sign of lung cancer

A

protein

51
Q

Benign prostatic hypertrophy symptoms

A

urinary retention

bilateral hydronephrosis

52
Q

when is IV adrenaline and IV amiodarone given in CPR

A

after the 3rd shock in a shockable rhythm

53
Q

what do you give to asthmatic patient to slow HR

A

Verapamil 2.5 - 5mg

54
Q

Hydrocele complication if no surgery within 1-2 years

A

indirect inguinal hernia as process vaginalis doesn’t close

55
Q

Ischaemic hepatitis

A

hepatic injury secondary to acute hypoperfusion of the liver

56
Q

Ischaemic hepatitis signs

A

hypotensive/ cardiac arrest.

raised ALT
normal ALP and bilirubin

57
Q

diazepam overdose symptoms

A

resp depression, confusion and cerebellar symptoms such as nystagmus and ataxia

58
Q

aspirin overdose symptoms

A

tinnitus and confusion

59
Q

what type of organism is sickle cell disease patient most susceptible to for osteomyelitis

A

Salmonella typhi

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