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Animal Diversity > Molluscs and Annelids > Flashcards

Molluscs and Annelids Flashcards

1
Q 
Clade Mollusca
4 Parts
A/pseudo/true coelom
Blastic?
Proto/duetero
Symmetry?
Segmented?
Developed organ systems?
Open/closed circulatory system?
Skeleton?
Digestive system
Nervous system
A 
Answers
Shell, head/food, visceral mass, mantle
True coelom
Triploblastic
Protostome
Bilateral symmetry
Unsegemented
Well developed
Open circulatory system (except cephalopods are closed)
Exoskeleton
Complex
Complex
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2
Q

Head-foot

A

Foot for locomotion

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3
Q

Visceral mass

A

Houses major internal organs

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4
Q

Mantle

A

thin, fleshy membrane; secretes the shell

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5
Q

Hemolymph

A

Pumped from heart into open cavity where organs are

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6
Q

Radula

A

Unique to molluscs, not in bivalves; tongue used for scraping/cutting food

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7
Q

Bivalves

A

Suspension feeding

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8
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Rapid diversification after common ancestor migrated to a new environment

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9
Q

Coiling

A

Spiral winding of shell and visceral mass of gastropods

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10
Q

Torsion

A

Visceral mass twisted during embryonic development; anus over mouth leads to fouling

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11
Q

Mollusca Clades (5)

A

Gastropoda - “stomach foot” snails, slugs, conchs
Bivalvia - “two valves” clams, oysters, mussels, scallops
Cephalopoda - “head foot” squids, octopuses, nautiluses
Polyplacophora - “many plates” chitons
Scaphopoda - curved, one-piece shell, mouth with tentacles, absent head, tusk shells

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12
Q 
Mollusca Bivalvia Clam
Umbo
Adductor Muscles
Mantle
Visceral Mass
Foot
Gills
Heart
Stomach
Digestive Glands
Intestine
Gonad
Kidney
Labial palps
A

Function
Origin of shell
Tubular muscles at ends; close shell and hold valves
Secretes protective shell
Soft portion of the body
Movement
Suspension feeding, gas exchange
Receives oxygen from gills and pumps through arteries
Food digestion
Secretes digestive enzymes into stomach
Digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Reproduction
Filters wastes from hemolymph and eliminates from body
Secretes mucus onto gills

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13
Q

Open Circulatory Capillary replacement

A

Sinuses that fill with hemolymph and allow for gases and nutrients to reach all cells and organs

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14
Q

Suspension feeding in bivalvia

A

Gills covered in a mucus to trap food particles

Gills ciliated to move particles to mouth

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15
Q

Do bivalvia have radula?

A

No

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16
Q 
Clade Cephalopod
Modified \_\_\_\_\_ in head region
Funnel - 
Food chain role?
Circulatory system?
A 
Answer
Foot
excurrent siphon that works with the muscular mantle in propulsion
Predators
Closed
17
Q

Cephalopod adaptation for predation (3)

A

Closed circulatory system
Eyes
Ink sac

18
Q

Cephalopoda: Squid Parts
Mantle

Tentacles
Arms
Funnel/siphon

Eyes
Gills
Ink sac
Pen

A

Function
Muscle that fills with water on relaxation & expels water through excurrent siphon on contraction
Two longer appendages used to capture prey
Eight shorter appendages used to manipulate food
Muscular siphon enables water to be expelled out for locomotion. Retractor muscles can change funnel direction
Prey detection, observe surroundings
Respiration
Gland containing dark fluid that is released when the animal is alarmed
Near squid’s fin end, internal stiffening rod

19
Q

Clade scaphopoda

A 
Tusk shells
Body enclosed in curved, one-piece shell open on each end
Mouth has tentacles
Absent head
Entirely marine
20
Q

Clade Polyplacophora

A 
"Many plates"
Elongated, flat body
8 dorsal plates
Suction-cup foot
Use radula
21
Q 
Clade Annelida
Blastic
Level of organizatoin
Proto/dueto
Skeleton
Segemented?
Circulatory system
Digestive system
Respiration?
Mono/di
Muscles
A 
Answers
Triploblastic
Organ system level of organization
Protostome
Hydrostatic
Segemented (metamerism) - helps with locomotion
Closed
Complete digestive
Through skin, gills, or parapodia
Monoecious
Longitudinal and circular
22
Q

Setae

A

Chitin based; small, hairlike bristles used for locomotion

23
Q

Benefits of segmentation

A

Foundation for specialization of body regions; Swimming, burrowing, and feed movements are more effective; allows for highly developed organ systems

24
Q

Annelida Clades (3)

A
  • Polychaeta (paraphyletic) - marine forms (Nereis), clamworms (many setae; parapodia present)
  • Oligochaeta (paraphyletic) - earthworms (few setae)
  • Hirudinida - leeches (no setae)
25
Q

Polychaeta

A

Many long hairs
Parapodia - almost feet used for locomotion
External gills provide extended skin surface area for gas exchange

26
Q 
Polychaeta Nereis Parts
Parapodia
Setae
Prostomium
Peristomium
Jaws
Intestine
Coelom
Dorsal blood vessel
A

Function
Used for locomotion
Bristle like structures along side used for locomotion
Segment before the mouth with sensory organs
Second segment that contains mouth
Pincer-like structure for grasping & ingesting food
Digestion and nutrient absorption
Space
Vessel on top

27
Q

Oligochaeta

A

Few setae
Longitudinal muscles - shorten and lengthen
Circular muscles - elongate and thin
Gas exchange occurs across cuticle

28
Q 
Oligochaeta Earthworm Parts
Brain
Pumping vessels
Dorsal blood vessel
Pharynx
Esophagus
Crop
Gizzard
Seminal receptacles
Seminal vesicles
Intestine
Nephridia
Septa
Clitellum
Circular muscle
Longitudinal muscle
Coelom
Nerve cord
Setae
A 
Function
Sends signals throughout body
Muscular branches that regulate blood pressure
Returns blood to aortic arches
Digestive muscle for pumping in soil
Passageway between pharynx and crop
Food storage
Mechanical breakdown of food
Store sperm for use in copulation
Where immature sperm matures and passes out of pores
Chemical breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, & water reabsorption
Excretory function
Fleshy partitions between segments
Important in reproduction & development
Elongating and thinning
Shortening and lengthening
Space in body
Handles coordination
Bristles for locomotion
29
Q

Earthworm Reproduction

  1. Earthworms are held together by mucus secreted by _____ and by special _____.
  2. Immature _____ are produced in the testes, travel to _____ to mature, and then out through the ______.
  3. Eggs are discharged by a pair of small ovaries into the ______, where ciliated funnels of the ______ pick them up and carry them to the outside by way of the _____.
  4. The _____ receive and store sperm during copulation.
  5. After copulation each worm secretes a mucous tube and then a tough chitin-like band forms a _____ around the _____.
  6. As soon as the cocoon passes forward, eggs from the oviducts, albumin from the skin glands, and sperm pour into it. FERTILIZATION TAKES PLACE HERE.
A
  1. clitellum, ventral setae
  2. sperm, seminal vesicles, male genital opening
  3. coelomic cavity, oviducts, female genital pores
  4. seminal recepticles
  5. cocoon, clitellum
30
Q

Annelida Clade Hirudinea

A

Leeches
No setae
Ectoparasites
Some used for medicinal purposes

Animal Diversity (3 decks)

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