Arthropoda Flashcards
Arthropoda Clades (4; 2; 2; 1+1+1; 1+6)
- Cheliceratea - cephalothorax + abdomen, chelicerae, loss of antennae
- Merostomata - horseshoe crabs
- Arachnida - 8 legs, spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions - Myriapoda - head + trunk, one pair of antennae
- Diplopoda - millipedes (two pairs per body segment)
- Chilopoda - centipedes (one pair per body segment) - Crustacea - 2nd pair of anennae, biramous appendages
- Malacostraca - 8 thoracic and 6 abdominal segments
- Decapoda - eyes on stalks; crayfish, crabs,
lobster - Hexapoda - head + thorax + abdomen, one pair of antennae, 6 legs
- Insecta - insects
- Orthoptera - grasshoppers, crickets, locusts
- Odonata - dragonflies, damselflies
- Coleoptera - beetles
- Diptera - true flies
- Lepidoptera - butterflies
- Hymenoptera - ants, bees, wasps
Arthropoda Blastic? Proto/dueto? 3 characteristics? Skeleton? Pseudo/A/True? Muscles? Circulatory system? Digestive system?
Answers Triploblastic Protostomes Segmented bodies, jointed appendages, exoskeleton Exoskeleton True coelom Striated Open Complete
Benefits and limitations of exoskeleton
Benefits - Allows body to bend and appendages to move - Protects - Impedes water loss Limitations - Heavy - Limits body size
Hemocoel vs hemolymph
Hemolymph - circulating fluid in the arthropod
Hemocoel - body cavity containing fluid
Why arthropods are successful?
Highly developed sensory organs - Compound eyes - Tympanum Complex behavior systems Reduced competition for food because of metamorphosis
Metamorphosis
Larva and adult have different mouth parts and eat different foods
Arthropoda Clade Chelicerata
"Claw horn" Made of cephalothorax and abdomen No antennae 1st pair of legs: Chelicerae - appendages in front of mouth; fangs 2nd pair of legs: Pedipals Rest of legs are walking legs
Arthropoda Chelicerata Clade Merostomata
Horseshoe crabs
Have hemolymph
Eyes - 8 light sensors and 2 image formers
Use book gills
Merostomata Horseshoe Crab Parts Carapace Abdomen Cephalothorax Gill opercula Book gills Simple eyes Compound eyes Telson Chelicerae Pedipalps
Function Protection; covers the cephalothorax Back end of individual Middle segment Covers the gills Respiration Photoreceptors Image forming Anchoring First pair of appendages Second pair of appendages/ used to handle food
Chelicera Arachnida Spider Parts
Cephalothorax
Abdomen
Book lungs Chelicerae Fangs Pedipalps Trachael spiracle Spinnerets
Function Head and leg section Possesses reproductive, digestive, respiratory, and web spinning functions Leaf like structure used in respiration Front appendages Specialization of the chelicerae Used primarily to handle food Respiration, small aperture on the side of the abdomen Where silk is produced
Diplopoda vs chilopoda
Diplopoda - 2 sets of legs per segment - Herbivores - Millipedes Chilopoda - 1 set of legs per segment - Carnivores - Centipedes
Sexing crustacea crayfish
Males do not have seminal receptacle
Females do not have copulatory appendages
Arthropoda Malacostraca Decapoda Crayfish Parts Rostrum Antennae Antennules Compound eyes Carapace Swimmerets Copulatory swimmerets (M) Seminal receptacle (F) Telson Uropods Chelipeds Walking legs Gastric muscles Cardiac stomach Gastric teeth Pyloric stomach Mandibular muscles Gills Heart Intestine Green glands Digestive glands
Function Protects eyes and cerebral ganglia Paired extension between eyes; sensory function Second, smaller extension between eyes Under rostrum; visual sensory Covers cephalothorax; protection Hold and aerate fertilized eggs Modified swimmeret for sperm transfer Where sperm goes Middle part of tail Outside portion of tail Predation; large pinchers Locomotion Attach from stomach to carapace; moves food Food storage Mechanical breakdown of food Chemical breakdown Attach from side of stomach to mandible; help masticate Gas exchange; excretion of nitrogenous waste Pumps blood into hemocoel Chemical digestion; nutrient absorption Excretion, dilute low salt urine, osmoregulation Secrete digestive enzymes into intestine
Insecta Characteristics
3 pairs of legs and two wings
One pair of antenna
Tagmata - head –> thorax –> abdomen
Tracheal tubes make up respiratory system
Adaptations of insects
Waxy cuticles - allow gas exchange
Specialized respiratory, excretory, and digestive structures
- Malpighian tubules - reabsorb almost all water in wastes
Tracheal system - open to exterior by spiracles
Walking
Wings
Communication
Specialized sensory systems
