Molecules to Metabolism

Question 1

Four types of macromolecules

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

Carbohydrates are macromolecules composed of three element

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

Name 3 carbohydrates and their functions

Answer 3

Alpha-D-glucose
-Used in the production of ATP in cells.
Beta-D-glucose
-Used to build cell walls in plants.
Starch
-Used as long-term storage in plants.
Ribose
-Used as a component of DNA and RNA.

Question 4

Name 3 examples of Lipids and their functions

Answer 4

Triglycerides
-Used as long-term storage in adipose tissue in animals.
Steroids
-Used as chemical messengers in the body, have a distinctive ring shape.
Phospholipids
-Major component of plasma membranes.

Question 5

Name 3 examples of Proteins and their functions

Answer 5

Structural proteins
-Proteins such as keratin and collagen form the structural framework of many parts of the body.
Enzymes Metabolic
-proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body.
Polypeptides
-A sequence of amino acids that may make up a protein, or a series of polypeptides can also make up a protein.

Question 6

Name 2 examples of Nucleic acids and their functions

Answer 6

DNA
-Used to store genetic information.
RNA
-Used to create proteins at ribosomes using the information stored in DNA.

Question 7

Definition of Glucose

Answer 7

Glucose is the building block of carbohydrates, such as starch and cellulose. Amino acids, ribose and fatty acids are the monomers of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids, respectively.

Question 8

Metabolism definition

Answer 8

is all of the enzymatic reactions that take place inside a living organism.

Question 9

Anabolism

Answer 9

is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules; it is a process that requires the input of energy. Anabolism includes the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. For instance, protein and starch are made from amino acids and glucose units, respectively.

Question 10

Catabolism

Answer 10

is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules and includes the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. The breakdown of sugars (including glycolysis) or fats to release energy are all examples of catabolic reactions. Catabolism is a process during which energy is released.

Question 11

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 11

is the breaking of chemical bonds by the addition of water molecules.

Question 12

Condensation reaction

Answer 12

Condensation reaction refers to the reaction in which two smaller organic molecules combine to form a larger molecule with the accompanied formation of water or some other simple molecule.

Question 13

Metabolism =___ + ___.

Answer 13

Metabolism = anabolism + catabolism.

Question 14

Anabolism = ____

Answer 14

Anabolism = the opposite of catabolism.

Question 15

Urea formula

Answer 15

CO(NH2)2

Question 16

Theory of Vitalism

Answer 16

Organic compounds could only be synthesised by living organisms as they possessed an ‘element’ that non-living things did not have.

Question 17

What are the uses of urea?

Answer 17

It is used by the human body to excrete nitrogen because urea is non-toxic and highly soluble. Urea is also widely used as a nitrogen fertiliser.