Molecules Of Life

Question 1

Hydrolysis

Answer 1

A chemical reaction in which the interaction of a compound with water results in the decomposition of that compound

Question 2

Protein

Answer 2

A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

Amino acids are biologically important organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic acid functional groups

Question 4

Substrate

Answer 4

The material upon which an enzyme acts

Question 5

Polypeptide

Answer 5

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction

Question 7

Active site

Answer 7

A region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction

Question 8

Peptide bond

Answer 8

A covalent chemical bond formed between 2 amino acid molecules

Question 9

Isomer

Answer 9

Each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule

Question 10

Polymer

Answer 10

A substance that has a molecular structure consisting entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together

Question 11

Monomer

Answer 11

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

Question 12

Dehydration

Answer 12

A condition where water levels in the body are too low

Question 13

Condensation reaction

Answer 13

A chemical reaction in which 2 molecules combine to form a larger molecule

Question 14

Nucleic acid

Answer 14

Large biomolecules essential for all known forms of life. Monomer: nucleotides

Question 15

RNA

Answer 15

A nucleic acid present in all living cells. It’s role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins

Question 16

DNA

Answer 16

A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information

Question 17

Nucleotide

Answer 17

A compound consisting of a nucleotide linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA

Question 18

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 18

A compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue

Question 19

Macromolecule

Answer 19

A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, proteins, nucleic acid, or synthetic polymer

Question 20

Carbohydrate

Answer 20

any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose.

Question 21

Monosaccharide

Answer 21

Any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar

Question 22

Disaccharide

Answer 22

Any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues

Question 23

Polysaccharide

Answer 23

A carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together

Question 24

Lipid

Answer 24

Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

Question 25

Phospholipid

Answer 25

A lipid containing a phosphate group in its molecule

Question 26

Wax

Answer 26

A sticky yellowish moldable substance

Question 27

Steroid

Answer 27

Any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms.They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins.

Question 28

Functional group

Answer 28

A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound

Question 29

Synthesis

Answer 29

The production of an organic compound in a living thing