Molecules Of Life Flashcards
Monosaccharide
A simple sugar molecule and the most basic unit of carbohydrates.
Disaccharide
A molecule that contains two monosaccharide.
Polysaccharide
Long chains of carbohydrate molecules, composed of several smaller monosaccharides.
Carbohydrate
An organic compound consisting of a chain or ring of carbon atoms to which hydrogen and oxygen atoms are attached in a ratio of approximately 1:2:1.
Amino Acids Contains
A central carbon atom attached to an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), a functional group, designated “R”.
Protein denaturation
the process by which a protein’s folded structure is disrupted, causing it to unfold and lose its biological function.
Nucleotides
Nitrogenous base, Phosphate group, 5-carbon sugar
Nucleic Acid
A long chain of nucleotides
Hydrolysis
A chemical reaction where water is added to a molecule, breaking it down into smaller parts.
Dehydration
A reaction where water is removed from a molecule, causing two smaller molecules to join together.
Enzymes
Plays a key role in many chemical reactions.
Structural Proteins
Collagen is present in bones, tendons, and cartilage. Keratin forms hair, nails, feathers, and components of horns.
Contractile Proteins
Proteins called actin and myosin are present in muscles.
Transport Proteins
Red blood cells contain the protein hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the body.
Defensive Proteins
White blood cells destroy foreign cells in the body and make antibody proteins that attack invaders.
Primary Structure Of Protein
the linear sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain. Each amino acid in the chain is connected to the next by a peptide bond.
Secondary Structure Of Protein
Hydrogen bonds forming between different parts of the polypeptide chain stabilize the folding of the polypeptide. Does not include “R Groups”.
Tertiary Structure OF Protein
Its overall three-dimensional shape, determined by the interaction between the “R groups” of its amino acids.
Quintenary Structure Of Proteins
The association of several protein chains of subunits into a closely packed arrangement.
