molecules, genes to protein

Question 1

introns

Answer 1

INterrupt exons, NOT translated to proteins. EUKARYOTES ONLY

Question 2

exons

Answer 2

spliced together to be translated to proteins. EUKARYOTES ONLY

Question 3

frame shift mutations (insertion and deletion)

Answer 3

affect ALL successive codons

Question 4

why is substitution mutation not always bad

Answer 4

because it doesn’t always have an effect

Question 5

adenine

Answer 5

purine with 2 rings and 2 bonds

Question 6

thymine

Answer 6

pyrimidine with 3 rings and 2 bonds

Question 7

guanine

Answer 7

purine with 2 rings and 3 bonds

Question 8

cytosine

Answer 8

pyrimidine with 3 rings and 3 bonds

Question 9

uracil

Answer 9

pyrimidine with 3 rings and 2 bonds

Question 10

conservative method (WRONG)

Answer 10

dna double helix is formed containing 2 new strands, and this dna molecule has NONE of its original dna

Question 11

semi-conservative method

Answer 11

dna double helix seperates into 2 strands and each strand is replicated into 2 new molecules of dna. Each of 2 copies in both new molecules has 1 strand from its original dna molecule and 1 new complimentary strand

Question 12

in eukaryotes…

Answer 12

transcription and translation occurs separately in diff parts of the cell
GTP cap (5’) and poly A cap (3’) to protect rna during mRNA processing

Question 13

in prokaryotes…

Answer 13

have free-floating dna so transcription and translation occur simultaneously
mRNA processing does NOT occur