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Comprehensive Review 2016 > Molecular: Zaidi > Flashcards

Molecular: Zaidi Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Only tRNAs code for proteins.

A

False, only mRNA

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2
Q

What type of transcription (pro/eukaryotic) has signal factors that find the promoter region?

A

Prokaryotic

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3
Q

Eukaryotic transcription begins with binding of the _____ to the _____.

A

TFIID

TATA Box

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4
Q

What is the RNA cap made of?

A

7-methyl guanosine

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5
Q

What is the wobble hypothesis?

A

That the first 2 positions of the codon require accurate base-pairing, but the third can tolerate a mismatch

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6
Q

T/F: The genetic code is degenerate.

A

True

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7
Q

What are the 3 steps in translating a tRNA?

A

Initiation
Elongation
Termination

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8
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, & UGA

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9
Q

What do release factor proteins do?

A

Recognize stop codons and release completed protein from tRNA

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10
Q

What is the only area in the cell with gated transport?

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

What organelles use transmembrane transport in the cell?

A

Peroxisomes, Plastids, Mitochondria, & ER

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12
Q

What is the name for the sorting signals to take things into the nucleus?

A

NLS: Nuclear Localization Signal

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13
Q

What is the process of import into the nucleus?

A

Protein NLS recognized by importin and taken into nucleus. Ran-GEF adds GTP to complex and protein is released. Ran-GTP/importin complex leaves nucleus. Ran-GAP hydrolyzes Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP which releases importin

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14
Q

What is the process of export from the nucleus?

A

Protein with NES recognized by exportin and Ran-GTP. They exit nucleus and Ran-GAP hydrolyzes Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP releasing protein and exportin.

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15
Q

Which mitochondrial membrane translocators are on the outer and inner membranes?

A

Outer: TOM/SAM complexes
Inner: TIM22/TIM23/OXA complexes

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16
Q

How are proteins transported into the ER?

A

SRP binds to ribosome and ER signal sequence of protein and move the ribosome to a protein translocator on the ER membrane. Protein is then translated into the ER.

17
Q

What do Rab and SNARE proteins do?

A

Rab: direct vesicle to spots on target membrane
SNARE: mediate fusion of vesicle with membrane

18
Q

What is the role of M6P?

A

Acts as target for M6P receptor to move protein from ER into endosome

19
Q

T/F: Primary cell cultures survive for a finite period of time while continuous cell lines become immortal.

A

True

20
Q

What technology is used to overexpress and then purify/isolate a protein?

A

Recombinant DNA technology

21
Q

What are the 3 different types of chromatography?

A

Ion-exchange
Gel-filtration
Affinity

22
Q

What protein is used as a reporter to tag proteins?

A

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)

23
Q

How does FRET work?

A

Protein X emits blue light if excited by violet light. Protein Y emits green light if excited by blue light. If X & Y are not interacting, using a violet light will cause a blue light emission. If X & Y are interacting, violet light excitation will result in a green light emission

24
Q

What is the term for light-induced activation of an inert molecule to an active state?

A

Photoactivation

25
Q

What is the term for photobleaching an area of a cell and using fluorescence recovery to monitor movement of unbleached molecules?

A

Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP)

26
Q

Where are the instructions for producing a multicellular animal contained?

A

In the non-coding regulatory DNA

27
Q

What is the term for a cell that has been fated to develop into a specialized cell type despite changes in environment?

A

Determined

28
Q

What is the term for a cell that can change rapidly to to changes in environment?

A

Completely Undetermined

29
Q

What is the term for cells that can change some attributes due to environment, but not others?

A

Committed

30
Q

What part of an axon/dendrite allows it to enlarge?

A

Growth cone

31
Q

What control the movement of actin filaments that control movement of the growth cone?

A

Rho & Rac

32
Q

_____ _____ are released by neighboring cells and provide contact guidance to growth cones.

A

Chemotactic factors

33
Q

What are examples of chemotactic factors and which are attractive/repulsive?

A

Attractive: Netrin
Repulsive: Slit, Semaphorin

34
Q

What determines whether a synapse survives?

A

Neurotrophic factor released by target cells

Comprehensive Review 2016 (9 decks)

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