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Comprehensive Review 2016 > Molecular: White > Flashcards

Molecular: White Flashcards

1
Q

What modules must transcription factors have?

A

DNA binding module

Activation module

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2
Q

What are the 4 types of DNA binding domain structural motifs?

A

Helix-turn-Helix
Zn-finger
Leucine zipper
Helix-loop-Helix

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3
Q

What do methylation and genomic imprinting do?

A

Determine which genes form mom and dad get expressed

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4
Q

How does X-chromosome inactivation work?

A

Silences one X chromosome to even things out

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5
Q

How is a Cdk/cyclin complex activated?

A

Cyclin binds to Cdk causing T-loop to move out of cave site.

Phosphorylation at T-loop activates complex

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6
Q

What are the 4 factors that regulate Cdk/cyclin activity?

A

Wee1
Cdc25
CKI
APC/C

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7
Q

What does Wee1 do?

A

Phosphorylates roof site of Cdk inactivating it.

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8
Q

What does Cdc25 do?

A

Dephosphorylates roof site, activating Cdk

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9
Q

What does CKI do?

A

Its an inhibitory protein that binds to Cdk/cyclin complex

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10
Q

What does APC/C do?

A

Creates polyubiquitin chain to degrade cyclin

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11
Q

What activates APC/C to complete mitosis?

A

M-Cdk

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12
Q

What are the 3 chromosome movement forces?

A

Depolymerization
Microtubule Flux
Polar Ejection

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13
Q

How does the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis work?

A

Cytochrome C released from mitochondria binds to Apaf1 and forms apoptosome

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14
Q

What is the role of BH123 in apoptosis?

A

Aggregates on outer membrane of mitochondria inducing release of cytochrome C

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15
Q

What is the role of Bcl2 in apoptosis?

A

Prevents aggregation of BH123 and release of cytochrome C

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16
Q

What is the role of BH3 in apoptosis?

A

BH3 inactivates Bcl2

17
Q

What is the role of IAPs and Anti-IAPs in apoptosis?

A

IAPs-Bind to caspases preventing their activation after they have been cleaved
Anti-IAPs-Neutralize IAPs and free caspases to become active

18
Q

What is the term for a single mutation event that activates a gene causing proliferation?

A

Oncogene

19
Q

What is the term for a mutation event where a single gene mutation has no effect but a second mutation causes problems?

A

Tumor Suppressor Gene

20
Q

What is the difference between familial and sporadic Rb?

A

Familial: already born with 1 bad gene
Sporadic: born with 2 normal genes

Comprehensive Review 2016 (9 decks)

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