Molecular strategies for radio-sensitizing tumors

Question 1

six properties that give rise to lethal cancer

Answer 1

1. self-suficiency in growth signals
2. insensitivity to antigrowth signals
3. sustained angiogenesis
4. tissue invasion and metastasis
5. limitless replicative potential
6. evasion of apoptosis

Question 2

B-Raf

Answer 2

MEK-ERK activation

involved in motility and angiogenesis

Question 3

Raf 1

Answer 3

radiation resistance

Question 4

antisense/siRNA nanotherapeutics

Answer 4

downregulates raf-1 in tumor cells

Question 5

LErafAON

Answer 5

w/ IR good in treating prostate adenocarcinoma, pancreatic, and melanoma

Question 6

Why BRAF/Pan-RAF drugs fail

Answer 6

RAS mutant tumors - BRAF is inactive conformation

BRAF inhibitors drive BRAF-CRAF binding…activate ERK in cells with oncogenic RAS

Question 7

cetuximab

Answer 7

EGFR specific antibody - blocks it and prevents RAS/PI3K

Question 8

p53

Answer 8

suppresses tumor progression by restricting growth

Question 9

Activation of Ad.Egr-TNF

Answer 9

w/ radiation = tumor vasculature thrombosis

Question 10

caspase 3 activation

Answer 10

from radiation = apoptosis

Question 11

iPLA2 activation

Answer 11

from radiation = tumor recurrence

Question 12

IFN/Stat1 pathway

Answer 12

activates pathways prosurvival signals IL-6 and IL-8

Question 13

Cancer Stem Cells (CSC)

Answer 13

cell able to self-renew

Question 14

AON

Answer 14

anti-senesence oligonucleotide - hybridizes with mRNA and blocks translation

Question 15

BRAF works when

Answer 15

RAS is normal. if mutated, BRAF helps CRAF binding