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Radiation Biology > Clinical Radiobiology > Flashcards

Clinical Radiobiology Flashcards

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1
Q

linear accelerator function

A

generates high energy photons and electrons

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2
Q

How does ionizing radiation kill cancer cells

A

dsDNA breaks

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3
Q

Cell death mechanism for lymphoma

A

apoptosis

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4
Q

cell death mechanism for epithelial cells

A

necrosis

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5
Q

Gross disease dose

A

higher dose for gross disease

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6
Q

mechanism of radiation resistance

A

hypoxia

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7
Q

concurrent chemotherapy

A

increase acute toxicity, minimal effect on long term toxicity

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8
Q

tolerance dose 5/5

A

dose at which there is 5% risk of toxicity at 5 years

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9
Q

normal tissue toxicity risk factors

A
  • high dose
  • intrinsic sensitivity
  • large fraction size
  • large target volume
  • tissue architecture
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10
Q

Late toxicity intrinsic rad sensitivity

A

Scleroderma

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11
Q

Ataxia Telangiectasia

A

dsDNA break strand repair

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12
Q

Fractionation

A

decreases acute effects; multiple decrease for late effects

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13
Q

Secondary cancers

A
  • osteosarcoma
  • more common in children
  • 5-20 years after treatment
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14
Q

Tissue architecture

A

Parallel vs. Series

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15
Q

Parallel architecture

A

liver/lung - can treat small volume to high dose

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16
Q

Series architecture

A

spinal cord - can not treat small volume to high dose

17
Q

Prostate cancer

A

epithelial tumor
7-8 weeks daily treatment
7200 cGy in 40 x 180 cGy fractions
entire prostate

18
Q

small escalation in dose

A

improves disease control

increased toxicity

19
Q

IMRT (abv)

A

Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

20
Q

IMRT

A

dose escalation w/ normal tissue sparing

21
Q

brachytherapy

A

60-100 seeds; dose escalation; tissue sparing.

22
Q

why fractionation

A

allows normal tissue repair;

23
Q

CyberKnife System

A

allows for reduced treatment margins

24
Q

alpha/beta value

A

estimate of the relative fraction size sensitivity

25
Q

low alpha/beta (1-3)

A

tumor is very sensitive to fraction size

26
Q

high alpha/beta (8-10)

A

insensitivity to fraction size

27
Q

alpha/beta of prostate carcinoma

A

~1.5 Gy - may need to change paradigm to a few high doses

lower than normal tissue

Radiation Biology (10 decks)

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