Molecular shape and bonding

Question 1

What does 𝚿 Mean

Answer 1

Wave function

Question 2

What is 𝚿

Answer 2

A mathematical function that relates the location of an electron at a given point in space to it’s amplitude of waves

Question 3

What is 𝚿 2

Answer 3

Electron density which is the probability of finding an electron in a specific location around an atom

Question 4

What shape are all s orbital

Answer 4

Spherical

Question 5

What shape is a p orbital

Answer 5

Dumbbell shaped where a node plane separates the two lobes

Question 6

What are the three degenerate p orbitals

Answer 6

X,Y and Z

Question 7

What does a 1s orbital look like when its 𝚿 Is plotted against distance from nucleus

Answer 7

Curved L shape

Question 8

What is a node on the graph

Answer 8

When 𝚿 =0

Question 9

Definition of degenerate

Answer 9

When orbital are at the same energy level

Question 10

What is the Lewis theory about valence electrons

Answer 10

Elements in the same group have them same properties because they have the same valence electrons.

Question 11

What is Lewis theory about ionic compounds

Answer 11

Electrons are transferred from one element to another forming ions

Question 12

Properties of ionic compounds

Answer 12

High melting and boiling temperatures
Stronger when charge is higher
Stronger when the ion is smaller because less distance between ions.

Question 13

How to calculate formal charge

Answer 13

No. of valance electrons - (no. of lone pairs + 1/2 no. of bonding electrons)

Question 14

What is the non polar covalent bond electronegativity bond value

Answer 14

0.1-0.4

Question 15

What is a polar covalent bond electronegativity bond value

Answer 15

0.5-1

Question 16

What is a sigma bond

Answer 16

Overlap of two atomic orbitals to form a single bond

Question 17

What is a pi bond

Answer 17

When two 1/2 filled orbitals above and below a covalent bond overlap to share electrons

Question 18

What is the molecular orbital theory

Answer 18

Electron density is distributed over the whole molecule. The number of atomic orbitals is the same as the number of molecular orbitals

Question 19

What happens when two 1s hydrogen AO are combined

Answer 19

Makes 2 symmetrical molecular orbitals, one bonding MO and one antibonding MO

Question 20

What happens when two 1s hydrogen AO are combined

Answer 20

Makes 2 symmetrical molecular orbitals, one bonding MO and one antibonding MO

Question 21

What is a bonding molecular orbital

Answer 21

When 2 wave functions are added together

Question 22

What is an antibonding molecular orbital

Answer 22

When a wave function is subtracted from another

Question 23

Where are electrons most likely to be found in an antibonding orbital

Answer 23

Anywhere but the node

Question 24

Where are electrons most likely to be found in bonding orbitals

Answer 24

In between the nuclei

Question 25

Is the energy of electrons higher in their individual atoms or in their bonding MO

Answer 25

In their individual atoms

Question 26

Is the energy of electrons higher in their individual atoms or in their antibonding MO

Answer 26

Antibonding MO

Question 27

What shape and bond angle is a sp3

Answer 27

Tetrahedral and 109.5

Question 28

What shape and bonding is sp2

Answer 28

Trigonal planar, 120

Question 29

What shape and bond angle is sp

Answer 29

Linear, 180

Question 30

What is a dipole moment

Answer 30

Measure of the net polarity of a molecule