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medicinal chemistry > Acid and base chemistry > Flashcards

Acid and base chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Arrhenius acid

A

Andy substance that produces a H+ in aqueous solution

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2
Q

What is an Arrhenius base

A

Any substance that produced an OH- in aqueous solution

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3
Q

What is a bronsted lowery acid

A

A proton donator

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4
Q

What is a bronsted lowery base

A

A proton acceptor

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5
Q

What is a conjugate base

A

the substance formed which has lost a proton

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6
Q

What is a conjugate acid

A

The substance formed which has gained a proton

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7
Q

Definition of amphoteric

A

A substance which can act as a base and an acid

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8
Q

What is a strong acid

A

A substance which has a strong tendency to loose a proton

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9
Q

what is a weak acid

A

A substance that has a weak tendency to loose its protons

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10
Q

What is a Lewis acid

A

An electron pair acceptor

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11
Q

What is a a Lewis base

A

an electron pair donator

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12
Q

How to measure ph levels

A

-log [H+/H3O]

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13
Q

How do you work out the [H+] from [OH-]

A

Kw=[0H-][H+] —> [H+] = KW/[OH-]

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13
Q

How do you work out the [H+] from [OH-]

A

Kw=[0H-][H+] —> [H+] = KW/[OH-]

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14
Q

What does pKa suggest

A

How easily an acid dissociates in solution

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15
Q

What does a low pKa value suggest

A

Stronger acid

16
Q

What happens when the ph>pka

A

The acid exist more as A- than HA

17
Q

What happens when the ph<pka

A

The acid exists more as HA and is a weaker acid

18
Q

How does electronegativity effect a molecules acidity

A

Higher electronegativity = stronger acid as the stronger bond = more polarity so proton is easily lost

19
Q

How does a molecules size affect its level of acidity

A

A larger molecule is more acidic as its bonding electrons are further away from its nucleus so the H+ is more easily lost

20
Q

What effect does resonance have on a molecules acidity

A

A molecule with resonance will be a strong acid because the delocalisation will stabilise the conjugate base.

21
Q

what are acidic buffers

A

solution that can resist a change in pH when small volume of acid is added

22
Q

what are acidic buffers made from

A

a weak acid and its salt

23
Q

how to acidic buffers work

A

the weak acid has a high con. of the weak acid but low conc. of its ions and the salt provides a high conc. of its ions but low conc. of the salt. so when an acid is added, the H+ ions bond with the - ion from the salt shifting the equilibrium right creating the weak salt

24
Q

what is the henderson hasslebatch equation

A

pH=pka+log A-/HA

medicinal chemistry (8 decks)

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