Molecular phylogenetics

Question 1

What is the goal of molecular phylogenetics

Answer 1

estimate the divergence of the DNA and Protein sequences from a common ancestral sequence. Infer the evolutionary relationship among organism

Question 2

What is Phylogenetics

Answer 2

is the study of the evolutionary relationship among various organisms and populations.

Question 3

taxonomic categories in the linnean hierarchy

Answer 3

kingdom, phylum, classes, order, family, group speceis

Question 4

what is a clade

Answer 4

taxa
that share specific derived characters are grouped more
closely together than those who do not

Question 5

what is a cladogram

Answer 5

branching hierarchical tree showing the relationships between clades. differ graphically from the dendrogramm just a little bit

Question 6

what is convergent evolution

Answer 6

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.

Question 7

describe homology

Answer 7

is a character state shared by a set of species and is present in their common ancestor. homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa. A common example of homologous structures is the forelimbs of vertebrates, where the wings of bats and birds, the arms of primates, the front flippers of whales and the forelegs of four-legged vertebrates like dogs and crocodiles are all derived from the same ancestral tetrapod structure.

Question 8

what is phylogenetic tree

Answer 8

A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a
diagrammatic representation of the evolutionary rela-
tionship among various taxa. The terms
evolutionary tree, phylogenetic tree, and cladogram
are often used interchangeably to mean the same