Molecular Mechanism of Aging Flashcards
Better survivorship because…
better public health and sanitation;
better medical advances
Life expectancy definition
median number of people that are expected to survive over an amount of time
Life span definition
maximal ability of a species to live
Life span is largely controlled by genetics…
single gene mutations (TOR, Sirtuins);
multiple genes;
increase resistance to lethal injury;
increase ability to respond to nutritional poverty
Longevity
evolutionary “product”
Aging
the evolutionary by-product
Biological Aging
adult life changes in structure and function, leading to decreased reserve capacity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases and the overall forces of mortality, ultimately leading to death
What is the single strongest risk factor for several diseases?
Aging
Why do we age? (mutation accumulation)
mutations producing late life deleterious effects not removed by natural selection
Why do we age? (antagonistic pleiotropy)
genes with beneficial effect at young age may have deleterious effects at older age
Geroscience definition
understanding aging and age-related diseases
9 Hallmarks of Aging
- Genomic instability
- Telomere attrition
- Epigenetic alterations
- Loss of proteostasis
- Deregulated nutrient sensing
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Cellular senescence
- Stem cell exhaustion
- Altered intracellular communication
Glycosylation
non enzymatic attachment of glucose;
Advanced Glycation Endproducts (AGE) (protein cross linking, DNA damage)
Sirtuins
Proteins that are part of the pathway that links nutrient deprivation and aging;
dependent on NAD+
Hayflick Limit
Senescence phase of cells;
point where they stop dividing
