Molecular genetics part 2 Flashcards
DNA is found in the _____ of the cell
Nucleus
What is located in the cytoplasm of the cell?
tRNA
tRNA:
Is responsible for picking up amino acids and aligning them in the order specified by the gene
On which strand is the anti-codon found?
tRNA
Which strand is the codon found?
mRNA
Polypeptide chain:
Are amino acids linked together in long chains
Long chains of amino acids contain many ____bonds
peptide bonds
Bases found before or after the start and stop codon on the mRNA are called?
Introns
Which part of the cell does transcription occur?
Nucleus
Translation occurs in the ____ of the cell.
Cytoplasm
What occurs in termination?
The stop codon is reached and translation stops
Initiation:
The start codon AUG begins the translation process
What is responsible for reading the mRNA base sequence?
tRNA
What is the consequence of changing the codon UGA to UGG?
The protein will be longer than normal
Mendel’s three laws:
- Law of dominance
- Law of segregation
- Law of independent assortment
Law of dominance:
Some traits are stronger (dominant) and will hide weaker recessive traits.
Law of segregation:
Traits are controlled by a pair of genes. These factors that occur in pairs, are separated from each other during gamete formation and recombined during fertilization
Law of independent assortment
The inheritance of alleles from one trait does not affect the inheritance of alleles for another trait.
In the bacterial transformation lab, what was the source of the glowing?
A protein inside the E. Coli
Why do scientists use restriction enzymes?
To cut DNA at a specific point in a sequence of bases
What was the role of arabinose sugar in the bacterial transformation lab?
It was the inducer molecule that turned on the operon
Operon:
- Is a gene that can be ‘turned on’ or ‘turned off’ when needed
- Can be regulated by the presence of a specific molecule
What gene from the plasmid used in the bacterial transformation lab codes for ampicillin resistance?
BLA
Which gene from the plasmid used in the bacterial transformation lab acts as the operon?
araC
What slowed the movement of the plasma membrane in the bacterial transformation lab?
Ice
What neutralized the negative charge of the plasma membrane in the bacterial transformation lab?
CaCl2
When creating recombinant DNA using ligation, which enzyme catalyzes the joining of two DNA fragments?
DNA ligase
Annealing
Uses sticky ends and complimentary base pairing attraction when creating recombinant DNA.
