Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO EXAM 12 > EVOLUTION > Flashcards

EVOLUTION Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define micro-evolution and provide an example

A
  • Describes the small scale changes within gene pools over generations
    Eg.) The evolution of the B&W pepper moth during the industrial revolution
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why were the Galapagos islands of particular interest to Darwin?

A
  • They were volcanic islands that were relatively young and easy to study
  • They contained few species but high variation within populations of species
  • Species varied from island to island
  • Few people had documented scientific findings from the Galapagos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What mechanisms led to the speciation of Tiktaalik?

A
  • Competition
  • Variation
  • Natural selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What evidence supports the fact that tetrapods and fish are closely related?

A
  • The embryos of modern fish and tetrapods look similar
  • Both modern fish and tetrapods are vertebrates
  • The DNA of modern fish and tetrapods are similar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In the fall, monarch butterflies will migrate to warmer climates in order to survive. This is an example of:

A

Behavioural adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the spring, the city of Winnipeg fogs to kill off mosquitoes. Most of these mosquitoes die but few pesticide resistant mosquitoes remain. The next year there is an increase on the number of pesticide resistant mosquitoes. This is an example of:

A

Physiological adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Over millions of years, the blowhole of the whale has moved from the tip of its nose to the top of its head. This is an example of:

A

Structural adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of adaptation does an arctic fox use to avoid predation?

A

camouflage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The male birds of paradise will do a fancy dance to attract a mate. What type of adaptation is this?

A

Behavioural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A strain of pneumonia is showing antibiotic resistance and is becoming more common each year. This is an example of:

A
  • Physiological adaptation

- Directional stabilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tiktaalik evolved from an aquatic species to a land dwelling species. This is an example of:

A
  • Divergent evolution
  • Adaptive radiation
  • Natural selection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Baby birth rate has remained between 6-8 pounds for hundreds of years. This is an example of:

A

Stabilizing selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What best explains the evolution of a long colourful tail in peacocks?

A

The founder effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The finches of the Galapagos islands have evolved over thousands of years to have different beaks specialized to collect specific foods in their environments. This is an example of:

A
  • Divergent evolution
  • Adaptive radiation
  • Speciation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Is the process in which an ancestral species gives rise to new species that are adapted to different environmental conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The migration of butterflies, birds and caribou is an example of:

A

Behavioural adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The elephant hawk moth will look and behave like a snake in its larval stage to avoid predation. This is an example of:

A
  • Behavioural adaptation

- Structural adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stabilizing selection

A

Favours individuals with common phenotypes, and selects against those with extreme phenotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A population of sea stars are found in a range of sizes, from small(8cm) to large(16cm). Over time however, the average size of the population shifts so most sea stars in the population measure 12 cm across. This is an example of:

A

Stabilizing selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Directional selection

A

Favours those with rare phenotypes and selects against those with common phenotypes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Artificial selection

A

Is when humans select specific organisms to breed to produce offspring with desired traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disruptive/diversifying selection

A

Favours those with extreme phenotypes and selects against the average

23
Q

A population of flowers in a meadow show multiple colours of petals from pale pink to shades of darker pinks to a very dark Burgundy. Overtime, the population shifts and only very pale pink and very dark Burgundy petals are seen. This is an example of?

A

Disruptive selection

24
Q

A population of scorpions is known for its toxic sting and its medium to large pincers. Overtime the population is made up of only scorpions with very large pincers. This is an example of:

A

Directional selection

25
Q

What provides evidence that supports the theory of evolution?

A
  • Palaeontology
  • embryology
  • Comparative anatomy
  • Molecular genetics
26
Q

Which 2 bones are found in parallel the forelimb of a frog, rat and human?

A
  • Radius

- Ulna

27
Q

Marine organisms known as limpets have shell colors that range from white to dark brown. The extreme variations in colour ( white and dark brown) are selected for since they blend into the surrounding environment. Over time these limpets evolve to be two distinct species. This is an example of:

A
  • Disruptive selection

- Divergent selection

28
Q

Describe the process of discovery that led Darwin to formulate his theory of evolution by natural selection.

A
  • Darwin found fossils of Glyptodonts and noticed they resembled the prospect day South American armadillo and questioned if they could’ve evolved from the ancient Glyptodont.
  • On the Galapagos islands, he collected 13 different finches and concluded that each species could adapt/specialize to fit into its own island environment.
  • Darwin concluded that variations of different species uniquely adapt/specialize to their own island environments.
29
Q

Homologous structures

A

Is when they have evolved from the same species but have different structures or functions

30
Q

Analogous structures

A

Is when they have the same structural functions

31
Q

Evolution

A

Refers to the permanent genetic changes within a population that occurs over successive generations.
* Populations evolve, not individuals

32
Q

Gene pool

A

All the DNA in a population

33
Q

Macro-evolution

A

Refers to the large changes in form as viewed on fossil record, involving whole groups of species

34
Q

Palaeontology

A

The dating of fossils which gives us some of the most direct evidence of evolution

35
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

The study of the morphology of different species which show similarities between bone structure and function

36
Q

Biogeography

A

The study of geographic distributions that can indicate where species may have originally arisen

37
Q

Embryology

A

The study of embryonic development in different organisms that show trends of development in different species

38
Q

Biochemistry

A

The similarities/differences in the biochemical makeup of organisms can closely parallel the similarities/differences in appearance

39
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

Sequencing of DNA and proteins indicates the degree of relatedness between organisms

40
Q

Variation

A

Each individual differs from all other members of its species, and some differ more than others. Evolution selects organisms that are best suited to their environment at the time. Therefore, variation allows adaptation

41
Q

Adaptation

A

Allows organisms to become better suited to their environments

42
Q

Genetic drift

A

Is a random increase/decrease in alleles often resulting from a small population.

  • The founder effect
  • The bottleneck effect
43
Q

Bottleneck Effect

A

Occurs when a population experiences a dramatic decrease in population often due to weather events, human impact, disease or predation.
Eg. Pingelap

44
Q

Sexual selection

A

Involves competition between males more mates and the choices females make for mates. Males and females usually look quite different - this is called sexual dimorphism
Eg.) Antlers- males use combat or visual displays- feathers

45
Q

The Founder Effect

A

Occurs when the allele frequencies in a group of migrating individuals are, by chance, not the same as that of their population of origin. This occurs more frequently on islands cause of the small population.

46
Q

Gene Flow

A

Is the movement of alleles from one population to another through migration.
Eg.) Zebra mussels moving to lakes

47
Q

Mutations

A

Introduce new alleles and variation into a population. The more genetic variation, the greater chance of a selective advantage in a changing environment.

48
Q

Is evolution a theory or a law?

A

By definition, evolution is a theory because there are tons of embryological, morphological, and biochemical evidence that demonstrate modern organisms evolved from older ancestral organism and species today are continuing to change over time.
THEORIES: Are supported by larger bodies of evidence and experimentation theories are never proven into laws, but are continuously refines.

LAWS: Are generalizations of patterns that occur repeatedly and predictably in nature.

49
Q

What unique features did Tiktaalik have in terms of limb structure and breathing?

A
  • It had a flat head
  • Huge ribs which suggests lungs
  • Hip bones which suggest its hind legs were evolving into legs
50
Q

What is Darwins theory of natural selection?

A
  • Organisms produce more offspring than can survive which leads to competition
  • Variation is evident in populations and this is passed down in offspring
  • Individuals suited to the environment survive to produce more offspring
  • Change is slow and gradual
51
Q

What factors encouraged the evolution of Tiktaalik?

A

Each structure it had suggests the fact that over time it was able to move its head, allowing it to look for prey when it peered out the water with its hind legs which eventually turned into legs making it easier for it to walk on land.

52
Q

Structural Adaptations

A

?

53
Q

Behavioural Adaptations

A

?

54
Q

Physiological Adaptations

A

?

BIO EXAM 12 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions