Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
What is an example of a post zygotic isolating mechanism?
Hybrids of 2 species that are sterile
A population of gophers is geographically isolated by a recently built drainage ditch. This is an example of:
Allopatric speciation
Allopatric speciation
When populations become geographically separated, each being subjected to different selective pressures and then finally establishing reproductive isolating mechanisms
Hybrid breakdown occurs when…
Hybrids are fertile but produce offspring that are not fertile
Allopatric speciation requires…?
Geographical isolation
Geographical isolation
Includes mountains, rivers, and ocean which isolate species and prevent interbreeding
Two species of squirrel occupy different ranges on either side of the Grand Canyon. This is an example of:
Geographical isolation
A horse and a donkey mate to produce a mule. Their offspring lives but is sterile. This is an example of:
Hybrid sterility
Prezygotic isolating mechanism
- Habitat Preference
- Behavioural compatibility
- Structural incompatibility
- Physical incompatibility
Post-zygotic isolating mechanism
- Hybrid viability
- Hybrid sterility
- Hybrid breakdown
two groups of species prefer to mate at different times of the day. This is an example of a…
Post-zygotic isolating mechanism
What did Urey and Miller include in their experiment to represent the expected conditions on primitive earth?
- Water
- Methane
- Ammonia
- Hydrogen
After Miller and Urey’s experiment ran for one week, how much of the original starting substances had been converted into amino acids?
2%
Which phylum are sponges found?
Porifera
Which kingdom belongs to the domain Eukarya?
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
Which domain contains bacteria that can survive extremely harsh environments?
Archaea
List the taxonomic categories from broadest to most specific:
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Sub phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
Which phylum contains flat worms?
Platyhelminthes
Which phylum does a human belong to?
Chordata
Hybridization
Occurs when two different forms of a species that are normally reproductively isolated mate and produce offspring along a boundary called a hybridization zone.
Polyploidy
Occurs when an individual has more than 2 copies of each chromosome.
Polymorphism
Allows a species to change or blend in to protect itself.
Adaptive radiation
Is the relatively rapid evolution of many species from an ancestral species
Hybrid Sterility
The hybrid of two species may be viable but sterile, unable to breed
Eg.) The mule= the mix of a donkey and a horse
Hybrid inviability
The fertilized egg may fail to develop properly. Fewer young may be produced and they may have low survivability
Habitat preference
May not occupy the same habitat
Behavioural incompatibility
may be sexually active at different times of the year or day, and they may have specific mating calls or rituals
Structural incompatibility
Must have compatible sex organs, appearance and chemical makeup
Physical incompatibility
If a sperm and egg fail to unite, fertilization will be unsuccessful
Sympatric speciation
Is the formation of new species without geographic barriers.
Eg.) Polymorphism, Polyploidy, hybridization, or adaptive radiation
