Molecular Genetics--- DNA, RNA, Proteins

Question 1

What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

Question 1

Draw and label the three parts of a nucleotide:

Question 2

What is the molecule of heredity?

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

What does it mean that “DNA is semi-conservatively replicated?”

Answer 3

This means that every double helix in the new generation of an organism consists of one complete “old” strand and one complete “new” strand wrapped around each other.

Question 4

Match DNA base pairs to this DNA template strand: TACAGCTCCCGTATTA

Question 5

Transcribe the DNA template strand to RNA: TACAGCTCCCGTATTA

Question 6

Use a codon table to translate the TEMPLATE (see above question) strand to a polypeptide.

Question 7

What is DNA structure?

Answer 7

DNA is made of two linked strands that wind around each other to resemble a twisted ladder — a shape known as a double helix. Each strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) or thymine (T)

Question 8

What is RNA structure?

Answer 8

RNA is typically single stranded and is made of ribonucleotides that are linked by phosphodiester bonds. A ribonucleotide in the RNA chain contains ribose (the pentose sugar), one of the four nitrogenous bases (A, U, G, and C), and a phosphate group

Question 9

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA structure:

Question 10

Give the base pairing rules for DNA

Question 11

How does “U” fit in the base pairing?

Question 12

What is mRNA and its function?

Answer 12

The role of mRNA is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm

Question 13

What is tRNA and its function?

Question 14

What is rRNA and its function?

Question 15

Compare and contrast the functions of the three types of RNA: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.

Question 16

What is a ribosome?

Question 17

Where is the location of transcription?

Question 18

What is the product of transcription?

Question 19

What is the process of transcription?

Question 20

Where is the location of translation?

Question 21

What is the product of translation?

Question 22

What is the process of translation?

Question 23

Compare and contrast transcription and translation (location, product, the process):

Question 24

What are codons?

Answer 24

A codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis

Question 25

What are anticodons?

Question 26

What are mutations?

Question 27

How do mutations occur?

Question 28

What is gene expression?

Question 29

What is protein synthesis?

Question 30

Explain how gene expression is the same as protein synthesis:

Question 31

What is a frameshift mutation?

Question 32

Give an example of a frameshift mutation:

Question 33

What is a deletion mutation?

Question 34

Give an example of a deletion mutation:

Question 35

What is an insertion mutation?

Question 36

Give an example of an insertion mutation:

Question 37

What is a substitution mutation?

Question 38

Give an example of a substitution mutation:

Question 39

Which type of mutation is LEAST harmful? Why?

Question 40

Identify and understand the parts of the structure of DNA (Look at the picture provided):

Question 41

How does gene expression relate to the process of creating proteins?

Question 42

How was the structure of DNA discovered?

Question 43

Who was Rosalind Franklin?

Question 44

Who were Watson and Crick?

Question 45

How do amino acids relate to polypeptides and proteins?