Cell Division and Chromosomes

Question 1

Define mitosis:

Answer 1

A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 2

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 2

Mitosis is required for the development of embryos, growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction.

Question 3

How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cells in mitosis?

Answer 3

Two identical daughter cells

Question 4

Define meisois:

Answer 4

A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes

Question 5

What is the point of meiosis?

Answer 5

This process is required to produce egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.

Question 6

How do the daughter cells compare to the parent cells in meiosis?

Answer 6

In contrast, meiosis gives rise to four unique daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 7

Define crossing over:

Answer 7

Crossing over, as related to genetics and genomics, refers to the exchange of DNA between paired homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) that occurs during the development of egg and sperm cells (meiosis).

Question 8

Why is crossing over important?

Answer 8

It allows the daughter cells of meiosis to be genetically unique from one another.

Question 9

Draw a picture of crossing over:

Answer 9

Two different colored chromosomes. One of their chromatids has two different colors, while the other chromatids are normal. (look if up as well)

Question 10

In what phase of cell division is DNA replicated?

Answer 10

It happens in S Phase.

Question 11

Why does DNA need to be replicated?

Answer 11

DNA replicates before a cell divides to give a complete set of genetic instructions to each daughter cell.

Question 12

What is a diploid?

Answer 12

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Question 13

What is a haploid?

Answer 13

Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes. The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells,

Question 14

How many chromosomes do humans have?

Answer 14

46 total chromosomes. 23 pairs.

Question 15

How many chromosomes do human sperm and eggs have?

Answer 15

23 chromosomes.

Question 16

What is fertilization?

Answer 16

During fertilization, the sperm and egg unite in one of the fallopian tubes to form a zygote.

Question 17

As a human, we all started as one cell, and all of our cells have the same genetic material, so how can we have so many different types of cells as adults?

Answer 17

To get at the information, a gene must be turned on (expressed) and the information turned into something useful, a protein. Once made, that protein goes out into the cell and performs some set of specific tasks.

Question 18

Are clones produced by mitosis or meiosis? Explain.

Answer 18

They’re produced by mitosis, as cells produced by mitosis are genetically identical.

Question 19

What are autosomes?

Answer 19

Any chromosome that isn’t a sex one

Question 20

What is a karyotype good for?

Answer 20

This test can help identify genetic problems as the cause of a disorder or disease

Question 21

What are chromosomes?

Answer 21

Chromosomes are threadlike structure that carries DNA along with histone protein.

Question 22

How do chromosomes relate to DNA?

Answer 22

They’re made from DNA

Question 23

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 23

homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes. You get one from mom, the other from dad.

Question 24

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 24

Sister chromatids are two identical copies of the same chromosome formed by DNA replication, attached to each other by a structure called the centromere. During cell division, they are separated from each other, and each daughter cell receives one copy of the chromosome.

Question 25

homologous chromosomes vs sister chromatids

Answer 25

Sister chromatids are attached to each other

Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes

Question 26

In terms of sexual reproduction, put the following terms in order: Mitosis, Meiosis, Fertilization, Birth

Answer 26

Meiosis, Fertilization, Mitosis, Birth

Question 27

Mitosis is used for growth by creating daughter cells that are identical to the original cell. How can mitosis produce identical cells in an embryo that eventually differentiate into all the types of body cells (i.e skin, bone, nerve, stomach, etc.)?