Evolution

Question 1

Define evolution:

Question 2

What four things did Darwin say about evolution and how it causes adaptation?

Answer 2

(variation, inheritance, natural selection, competition)

Question 3

Define population:

Question 4

Explain how populations evolve but individuals don’t:

Answer 4

Populations (or gene pools ) evolve as gene frequencies change

Question 5

What are the five causes of evolution?

Answer 5

gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, sexual selection, natural selection

Question 6

How does gene flow cause evolution?

Question 7

How does genetic drift cause evolution?

Question 8

What are the five fingers of evolution?

Answer 8

small population, non-random mating, mutations, gene flow, adaptation

Question 9

Define directional selection and list an example:

Question 10

Define disruptive selection and list an example:

Question 11

Define stabilizing selection and list an example:

Question 12

How did the peppered moths exhibit directional selection? How did this relate to evolution?

Question 13

How is genetic variation important for evolutionary success?

Question 14

How can fossils and vestigial organs help us determine evolutionary relationships?

Question 15

Define divergent evolution and give an example

Question 16

Define convergent evolution and give an example:

Question 17

Do vestigial organs come from homologous or analogous evolution?

Question 18

What is genetic equilibrium?

Question 19

Why does evolution only happen when the environment changes?

Question 20

What are phylogenetic/evolutionary trees? Explain how they show relatedness, common ancestors, and shared traits. In the example on the right, which animal is most distantly related to the others? Which two are closest related?

Question 21

How does natural selection cause populations to become adapted to their environment?

Question 22

Over millions of years horses got bigger as they adapted to be faster than their predators. How is this an example of directional selection?

Question 23

How does competition drive evolution?

Question 24

How can sexual selection cause evolution but not adaptation to the environment? Give examples.

Question 25

How can comparing the genetic and protein codes of organisms be used to show evolutionary relationships?

Question 26

How can shared traits of organisms be used to show evolutionary relationships?