Evolution Flashcards
Define evolution:
What four things did Darwin say about evolution and how it causes adaptation?
(variation, inheritance, natural selection, competition)
Define population:
Explain how populations evolve but individuals don’t:
Populations (or gene pools ) evolve as gene frequencies change
What are the five causes of evolution?
gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, sexual selection, natural selection
How does gene flow cause evolution?
How does genetic drift cause evolution?
What are the five fingers of evolution?
small population, non-random mating, mutations, gene flow, adaptation
Define directional selection and list an example:
Define disruptive selection and list an example:
Define stabilizing selection and list an example:
How did the peppered moths exhibit directional selection? How did this relate to evolution?
How is genetic variation important for evolutionary success?
How can fossils and vestigial organs help us determine evolutionary relationships?
Define divergent evolution and give an example
Define convergent evolution and give an example:
Do vestigial organs come from homologous or analogous evolution?
What is genetic equilibrium?
Why does evolution only happen when the environment changes?
What are phylogenetic/evolutionary trees? Explain how they show relatedness, common ancestors, and shared traits. In the example on the right, which animal is most distantly related to the others? Which two are closest related?
How does natural selection cause populations to become adapted to their environment?
Over millions of years horses got bigger as they adapted to be faster than their predators. How is this an example of directional selection?
How does competition drive evolution?
How can sexual selection cause evolution but not adaptation to the environment? Give examples.
