Molecular genetics and Early Embryonic Development Flashcards
What is the paradigm of development?
In every species and at every level of organization, complex structures are made by repeating a few basic themes with variations
What is differentiation?
cells begin to form specific and specialized structures
What is growth?
cell divisions that form more cells with identical functions as the parental cell
What is patterning?
cells produced by cleavage get organized into layers and groups of cell masses through what is known as gastrulation
What dimensions does patterning occur in?
- Anterior-Posterior (top-bottom)
- Dorsal-Ventral (left-right)
- Proximal-Distal (front-back)
What are the differnet types of craniofacial abnormalities that concern dentistry?
- Malocclusion syndromes
– Pierre-Robin
– Treacher Collins
– Marfan syndrome - Craniofacial malformations
– Crouson
– Apert
– Pfeiffer
– Clefting syndromes (lip and palate) - Bone Mass Traits
– Sclerosteosis and van Buschem’s
– High Bone Mass and OPPG
– Paget’s Disease - Tooth Agenesis
- Tooth Movement
- Tooth Development Disorders
– Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
– Amelogenesis Imperfecta
What are the malocclusion abnormalities?
– Pierre-Robin
– Treacher Collins
– Marfan syndrome
What are the craniofacial malformations?
– Crouson
– Apert
– Pfeiffer
– Clefting syndromes (lip and palate)
What are bone mass trait abnormalities?
– Sclerosteosis and van Buschem’s
– High Bone Mass and OPPG
– Paget’s Disease
Craniofacial Anomalies Account
for ___ of All Congenital Defects
1/3
When is the greatest period of sensitivity to congenital defects?
3-8 weeks
What are the universal signaling pathways of animal development?
- receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)
- TGFB superfamily
- Wnt
- Hedgehog
- Notch
What are the four important concepts of embryonic development?
- Universal Mechanisms of Animal Development
- Proteins can be substituted across species
- Inductive signaling
- Regional Determination
Multicellular organisms are enriched in ________ mediating cell interactions and gene regulation
proteins
Regulatory ____ defines the development program
DNA
What is asymmetric division?
sister cells born different
What is symmetric division?
sister cells become different as result of influences acting on them after their “birth”
What are the features of inductive signaling?
- Starting Point (cell or cell cluster)
- Cell – cell signaling
- Cell signaling cascades
- Acts over great distances
What is gastrulation?
- Early developmental process in which the embryo (week 3 in humans) transforms from a single cell layer (blastula) into the three primary germ layers:
– Ectoderm
– Endoderm
– Mesoderm
What process does this picture show?
sequential induction
What are the three primary germ layers?
– Ectoderm
– Endoderm
– Mesoderm
What direction does the primitive streak form?
anterior to posterior
(according to her but dr.cox says opposite)
Where does Hensen’s node form?
towards the anterior
Where do somites form?
towards the posterior
