Molecular Genetics Flashcards
What are the three parts of each nucleotide?
Deoxyribose molecule, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
What are four different bases in DNA?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
Who discovered that the percentages of guanine (G) and cytosine (C) bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA?
Erwin Chargaff
What became known as Chargaff’s rule?
A=T and G=T
What are two DNA strands held together by?
Hydrogen bonds
During what process does the DNA molecule separate into two strands and produce two new complementary strands (base pairing)?
DNA replication
Each strand of the double helix serves as what for the new strand?
Template or model
What is DNA made up of?
Nucleotides
During what process does RNA polymerase bind to DNA and separate the DNA strands?
Transcription
What are the three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
What are the sections of RNA molecules called?
Introns
What are the remaining pieces of RNA molecules that are spliced together called?
Extrinsic
During what process do cells use information from messenger RNA to produce proteins?
Translation
When reading RNA, how many bases do you read at a time?
3
What do the codons represent?
The different amino acids
