Cell Energy Flashcards
What is the basic energy of all types of cells?
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What three things make up ATP?
Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
6CO + 6HO ➡️ CHO + 6O
2. 2. 6 12 6. 2
This represents what process?
Photosynthesis
What process uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high-energy sugars and oxygen?
Photosynthesis
Which reactions in photosynthesis produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy carriers ATP and produce high-energy sugars?
Light-dependent reactions
Which Light-independent reaction uses ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions to produce high-energy sugars?
The Calvin Cycle
What are the three main factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?
Water, temperature, and light intensity
Why can water affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?
It’s a raw material of photosynthesis so a shortage can slow or even stop photosynthesis
How does temperature affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?
It depends on enzymes that function best between 0•C and 350•C so any lower or higher temps may damage the enzymes slowing the rate of photosynthesis
How can light intensity affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs?
The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of photosynthesis because photosynthesis depends on sunlight to occur
What is the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen?
Cellular respiration
What is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound?
Glycolysis
What are the two main types of fermentation?
Alcoholic and lactic acid
During what cycle is pyruvic acid broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions?
Krebs Cycle
What uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP?
The electron transport chain
