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Biochemistry Module 8 > MOLECULAR GENETICS > Flashcards

MOLECULAR GENETICS Flashcards

0
Q

is a method for separation and analysis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) and their fragments, based on their size and charge.

A

Gel electrophoresis

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1
Q

Oligonucleotides are short, single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules that have a wide range of applications in genetic testing, research, and forensics.

A

Oligonuceotides

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2
Q

are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain

A

Endonuceases

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3
Q

detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples

A

Southern blot

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4
Q

process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule

A

DNA sequencing

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5
Q

used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms.

A

DNA cloning

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6
Q

assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles

A

DNA finger printing

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7
Q

to amplify a single or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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8
Q

collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface

A

DNA microarray

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9
Q

the use of DNA as a drug to treat disease by delivering therapeutic DNA into a patient’s cells

A

Gene therapy

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10
Q

Altered DNA that results from the insertion of a sequence of deoxyribonucleotides not previously present into an existing molecule of DNA

A

Recombinant DNA

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11
Q

DNA containing sequences derived from two different species (eg, humans and bacteria

A

Chimeric DNA

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12
Q

Association of complementary strands of nucleic acids

A

Hybridization

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13
Q

after separation, labeled oligonucleotides placed in contact with an X-ray film; will show labeled substances as dark bands

A

Auturadiography

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14
Q

cleaves DNA about 25 bp from the recognition sequence

A

Type III

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15
Q

cleaves the DNA within the recognition sequence itself; requires no ATPrecognition sequences are usually 4-6

A

TYPE II

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16
Q

Cleaves both strands of DNA at opposing phosphodiester bonds leaving no unpaired base on the ends

A

Blunt ends

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17
Q

DNA to be sequenced is cleaved at specific bases by subjecting it to 4 different treatments in separate aliquots

A

Maxam and gilbert method

18
Q

piperidine

19
Q

acid; piperidine

20
Q

hydrazine

21
Q

hydrazine in 1.5M NaCl

22
Q

Small circular duplex DNA molecules whose natural function is to confer antibiotic resistance to the host cell

23
Q

Viruses that infect a bacteriumHave linear DNA molecules into which foreign DNA can be inserted at several restriction enzyme sitesCan accept DNA fragments 10 – 20 kb long

24
Q

Plasmids that contain DNA sequences (called cos sites) required for packaging lambda DNA in the phage particle; unnecessary lambda DNA has been removed so more chimeric DNA can be packaged into the particle headCan carry DNA inserts 35 – 50 kb long

25
Q

Plasmids designed for cloning very long segments, 50 – 250 kb

A

Artificial chromosome

26
Q

Vector in which the protein coded by the gene introduced by recombinant DNA is actually synthesized

A

Expression vector

27
Q

homopolymer tailing by a terminal transferase

A

Preparation of chimeric DNA

28
Q

prepared from the total DNA of a cell line or tissue; both introns and exons represented

A

Genomic library

29
Q

made from reverse transcription of the mRNAs in a tissue; only exons are represented

A

cDNA library

30
Q

An in-vitro method of replicating relatively small DNA sequences into millions of copies over a short period

A

Polymerase chain reaction

31
Q

Human genetic mapping entails:the localization or mapping of genes to each of the 23 chromosome pairsthe determination of the order and spacing of the gene on the particular chromosome

A

Gene mapping

32
Q

staining with Giemsa dye

A

Karyotyping

33
Q

used to localized the gene of interest to a particular chromosome

34
Q

Short DNA sequences that are repeated in sequence multiple times

35
Q

Comprehensive resource of

36
Q

Genec sequence database Aims to collect and store all known biological nucleode and their translaon in a searchable form

37
Q

Repository of 3-‐dimensional structures of proteins, polynucleodes and other biological macromolecules

A

Protein data bank

38
Q

Aims to idenfy SNPs associated with common human diseases and differenal response to pharmaceucals

39
Q

subset of SNPs in a given block sufficient to provide a unique marker for a given haplotype

A

Tagged SNPs

40
Q

paern of SNPs inherited together in blocks on the same chromosome associated with a specific phenotypic trait such as suscepbility to a disease

41
Q

Provides variety of infomaon about individual human genes

A

Entrez gene

42
Q

performed on a computer and through computer simulaon

Biochemistry Module 8 (9 decks)

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