Molecular building blocks

Question 1

formation of macromolecules

Answer 1

simple molecules e.g. sugars, lipids and amino acids can form complex, large molecules

Question 2

structures and functions of macromolecules

Answer 2

osmotic, structural, optical, enzymatic and other complex functions

v heterogenous

Question 3

examples of macromolecules

Answer 3

haemoglobin
DNA
glycogen
rhodopsin
collagen

Question 4

what is a chiral centre?

Answer 4

carbon with 4 different chemical groups

Question 5

D and L monosaccharides

Answer 5

2 optically active and different forms

most sugars in living organisms are D

Question 6

how are cyclized structures formed?

Answer 6

reaction of aldehyde or ketone groups with a hydroxyl group of the same molecule

Question 7

sugar derivatives

Answer 7

aminosugars
alcohol sugars
phosphorylated
sulfated

Question 8

aminosugars

Answer 8

containing amino (NH2) group. often acetylated, e.g. glucosamine

Question 9

alcohol sugars

Answer 9

sorbitol

Question 10

phosphorylated

Answer 10

containing phosphate groups

Question 11

sulfated

Answer 11

sulfate groups, e.g. heparin, chondroitin sulphate

Question 12

how are glycosidic bonds formed?

Answer 12

hydroxyl group of a monosaccharide can react with an OH or NH group to form glycosides

Question 13

types of glycosidic bonds

Answer 13

O-glycosidic bonds form disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides

N-glycosidic bonds found in nucleotides and DNA

Question 14

disaccharides

Answer 14

contain 2 monosaccharides joined by an O glycosidic bond

Question 15

oligosaccharides

Answer 15

3-12 MS

products of digestion of polysaccharides, or part of complex protein/lipids