Glycolysis

Question 1

glycolysis

Answer 1

series of reactions, 10 steps
splits glucose into 2 3carbon molecules (pyruvates)
aerobic or anaerobic
in cytosol

Question 2

energy requiring phase

Answer 2

2 phosphates are attached to glucose - fructose 1,6 bisphosphate - unstable, splits into DHAP and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate
DHAP converted into glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate

Question 3

step 1

Answer 3

phosphate group transferred from ATP to glucose - glucose-6-phosphate

hexokinase

traps glucose in cell, as glucose w/ phosphate can’t cross membrane

Question 4

step 2

Answer 4

glucose-6-phosphate converted into isomer fructose-6-phosphate

phosphoglucose isomerase

Question 5

step 3

Answer 5

phosphate group transferred from ATP to fructose-6-phosphate - fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

phosphofructokinase

Question 6

step 4

Answer 6

fructose-1,6-bisphosphate splits into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

fructose bisphosphate aldolase

Question 7

step 5

Answer 7

all of DHAP converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

triose phosphate isomerase

Question 8

step 6

Answer 8

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is oxidised

NAD+ is reduced to NADH and H+

exergonic - energy released to phosphorylate molecule

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrodgenase

Question 9

step 7

Answer 9

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate donates phosphate group to ADP, making an ATP and turning into 3-phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 10

step 8

Answer 10

3-phosphoglycerate converted into isomer 2-phosphoglycerate

phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 11

step 9

Answer 11

2-phosphoglycerate loses H20, becoming phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) - unstable

enolase

Question 12

step 10

Answer 12

PEP donates phosphate group to ADP, forming second ATP
pyruvate

pyruvate kinase

Question 13

what are we left with at the end of glycolysis?

Answer 13

2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate molecules

Question 14

what can happen to pyruvate

Answer 14

aerobic - oxidised to co2, forming ATP

Question 15

what happens to NADH?

Answer 15

can’t pile up in cell

NAD+ + 2e- + 2H+ NADH + H+

glycolysis needs NAD+ to accept electrons

Question 16

cells converting NADH back into NAD+ for glycolysis

Answer 16

aerobic - NADH passes electrons into electron transport chain (ATP produced)

anaerobic - NADH donates electrons to acceptor molecule in reaction not producing ATP (fermentatio)