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Chemistry > Molecular > Flashcards

Molecular Flashcards

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1
Q

Molecular compounds

A

rather than forming ions, the atoms of a molecule share their valence electrons in a way that forms bonds between the atoms

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2
Q

Properties

A
  • gas,liquid or soils at room temperature
  • variable water solubility
  • low melting and boiling point
  • poor electrical conductivity
  • tend to be soft and relatively Flexible
  • more flammable than ionic
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3
Q

Naming

A
  • remove ending of second element and change to ide
  • prefixes to indicate the number of a given element present in the compound
  • drop prefix if only one in first element
  • general more electropositive first followed by electronegative
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4
Q

Prefixes

A 
Mono
Di 
Tri 
Tetra 
Penta 
Hexa 
Hepta 
Octo 
Nona 
Deca
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5
Q

Acid Naming H+Element

A
  • all start with hydro
  • end with acid
  • element ending changes to ic
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6
Q

H+ Polyatomic ion

A

+1 : per and ic
Base: ic
-1: ous
-2: hypo and ous

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7
Q

Bases

A
  • most bases end with hydroxide expect for NH3 and NH4

- metal + hydroxide ion

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8
Q

What do we use electronegative difference to determine

A

If a bond is covalent or ionic

If a bond is polar or non polar

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9
Q

Covalent or ionic

A

-covalent: 1.69 or less

Ionic: 1.7 or greater

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10
Q

Polar and non plat

A

if electrons share equally or pull closer one atom

  • equal EN= 0
  • not equal .1 or higher bond is polar
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11
Q

Linear

A

Bonded pairs:varies

lone pairs on central atom: 0 when 3 or more atoms

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12
Q

Bent

A

Bonded pairs:2 Lone pairs on CA: 2

Ex: H20

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13
Q

Trigonal Planar

A

Bonded pairs: 3 lone pairs CA: Ex. BH3

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14
Q

Trigonal Pyramid

A

Bonded pairs : 3 Lone pairs on CA: 1

Ex. PH3

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15
Q

Tetrahedral

A

Bonded pairs : 4
Lone pairs on central atom: 0
Ex CH4

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16
Q

Observe Symmetry for Molecule Polarity

A
  • when a compound is symmetrical, it is non-polar molecule
  • lone pairs on central atom interfere with symmetry
  • asymmetrical atom is consider polar
17
Q

Using charge cancellation and dipole moment

A

In a compound we normally have charged atoms, so when we have an atom with a larger EN this is called slightly negative, the smaller the EN is called slightly positive

18
Q

What does charge cancellation mean

A

No charge cancellation molecule is polar

No charge remain molecule is non polar

Chemistry (7 decks)

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