Moldule 19 pt 2

Question 1

This occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antigens against them

Answer 1

Active Humoral Immunity

Question 2

What are the two types of active humoral immunity?

Answer 2

Naturally Acquired

Artificially Acquired

Question 3

In this type of active humoral immunity, it is a response to a bacterial infection

Answer 3

Naturally Acquired Active Humoral

Question 4

In this type of active humoral immunity, it is a response to a vaccine

Answer 4

Artificially Acquired

Question 5

This occurs when B cells are not challenged, memory does not occur, is more a short term fix.

Answer 5

Passive Humoral Immunity

Question 6

What type of passive humoral immunity are antibodies that deliver to a fetus via placenta or Infant milk

Answer 6

Naturally acquired Passive Humoral

Question 7

What type of passive humoral immunity is an injection of serum such as gamma gobulin, protection is immediate but eventually it degrades in the body

Answer 7

Artificially acquired Passive Humoral

Question 8

These are proteins secreted in response to an antigen and are able to bind to specific defected B cells

Answer 8

Antibodies or Immunogobulins

Question 9

This is the region of each antibody that combine to form identical antigen binding sites

Answer 9

Variable (V)

Question 10

This is the region of stem that determines the antibody class

Answer 10

Constant (C)

Question 11

This antibody helps prevent entry of pathogens through mucus and other secretions

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

This antibody is the first released, it has potent agglutinating agent and fixes and activates complements

Answer 12

IgM

Question 13

This antibody is active in some allergies and parasitic infections

Answer 13

IgE

Question 14

This antibody is a monomer that attaches to the surface of B cells and functions as a B cell receptor

Answer 14

IgD

Question 15

This antibody causes mast cells and basophils to release Histamine

Answer 15

IgE

Question 16

This is 75% of the antibodies, it crosses the placental barrier

Answer 16

IgG

Question 17

Antibodies cant destroy antigens themselves, so they can ___ them for destruction

Answer 17

Tag

Question 18

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies which is the simplest and it blocks the antigen sites on a viruses so they loose their toxic effect

Answer 18

Neutralization

Question 19

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies that cell bound antigens are crossed linked and make clumping, happens with wrong blood transfusions

Answer 19

Agglutination

Question 20

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies when soluble molecules cross link instead of cells and settle out in the solution

Answer 20

Precipitation

Question 21

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies where large amounts of cells attack a certain thing in the body using cell lysis

Answer 21

Complete fixation and activation

Question 22

This is a monocolonal antibody pro, that is a fusion of a tumor cell and a B cell and produces rapidly a single type of antibody

Answer 22

Hybridomas

Question 23

This is a type of immune response when T cells provide defense against intracelluar antigens

Answer 23

Cell Mediated Immune Response

Question 24

This is a major type of T cell that becomes a helper T cell when activated

Answer 24

CD4

Question 25

This is a major T cell that turns into a cytotoxic T cells when it becomes activated

Answer 25

CD8

Question 26

T cells of cell mediated responses response to fragments presented on a cells surface, or

Answer 26

APC

Question 27

There are two MHC proteins that are important for T cell activation what are they?

Answer 27

Class I and Class II

Question 28

This MHC protein that is important for T cell activation is displayed on all cells except RBCs

Answer 28

Class I MHC proteins

Question 29

This MHC protein is important for T cell activation and is displayed on APCs or dendrite, macrophages and B cells (Not neutrophils)

Answer 29

Class II MHC proteins

Question 30

This class Binds with antigens inside the cell, it informs cytotoxic T cells of the presence of microorganisms hiding in cells

Answer 30

Class I MHC proteins

Question 31

This class binds with antigens outside of the cell that have been broken down by phagocytes, recognized by helper T cells

Answer 31

Class II MHC proteins

Question 32

This is a two step process that is when APC migrate to lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs to present their antigens to T cells

Answer 32

T cell Activation

Question 33

What are the two steps of T cell activation?

Answer 33

Antigen Binding | Co-Stimulation

Question 34

This step of T cell activation is when TCRs bind to antigen-MHC complex on the surface of an APC cell

Answer 34

Antigen Binding

Question 35

This step of T cell activation is required T cell binding to other surface receptors on an APC, cytokines trigger proliferation and diffraction of activated T cells, forms clones and also memory T Cells

Answer 35

Co-Stimulation

Question 36

This is produced by the cells that modulate cell development and responses in the immune system, it includes interleukins and interferons

Answer 36

Cytokines

Question 37

These cells play a central role in the adaptive immune system, without them there would be no immune response

Answer 37

Helper T cells

Question 38

These cells directly attact other cells, they bind to non-self complexes and destory them

Answer 38

Helper Cytotoxic T cells

Question 39

These dampen the immune system by direct contact or inhibitory cytokines

Answer 39

Regulatory T cells

Question 40

This organ transplant is from one part of the body to another part of the body

Answer 40

Autograft

Question 41

This organ transplant is between two identical twins

Answer 41

Isograft

Question 42

This organ transplant is from two individuals who are not twins

Answer 42

Allograft

Question 43

This is an organ transplant from another animal species

Answer 43

Xenograft

Question 44

This is known as abnormal behavior of immune cells

Answer 44

Immunodeficiencies

Question 45

This is known as a genetic defect that is marked in T and B cells that is fatal if it is untreated, it is an abnormality in a interleukin receptor

Answer 45

SCID or Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 46

Caused by human Immunodeficiency virus transmitted through blood, semen and other bodily fluids

Answer 46

AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Question 47

AIDs destroys ___ cells and suppresses the cell-mediated immunity

Answer 47

Helper T cells

Question 48

These disease are caused when your body cannot tell self from non self

Answer 48

Auto Immune

Question 49

These are known as immune responses that are otherwise harmless as a perceived threat.

Answer 49

Hypersensitiveness

Question 50

This type of Hypersensitivity is also known as allergies, it begins within seconds after getting in contact with allergens

Answer 50

Acute or Type I or immediate hypersensitivity

Question 51

This is a systemic response to an allergen that directly enters the blood, giant release of histamine and can be treated with epinephrine

Answer 51

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 52

This hypersensitivity is caused by IgM and IgG transfered via blood plasma or serum, it has a slow onset, one to three hours

Answer 52

Subacute hypersensitivity

Question 53

This is a hypersensitivity that has a 1-3 day reaction time, depends on helper T cells, an example would be poison Ivy

Answer 53

Delayed hypersensitivity type IV