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A&P II Exam 2 review > Moldule 19 pt 2 > Flashcards

Moldule 19 pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

This occurs when B cells encounter antigens and produce specific antigens against them

A

Active Humoral Immunity

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2
Q

What are the two types of active humoral immunity?

A

Naturally Acquired

Artificially Acquired

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3
Q

In this type of active humoral immunity, it is a response to a bacterial infection

A

Naturally Acquired Active Humoral

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4
Q

In this type of active humoral immunity, it is a response to a vaccine

A

Artificially Acquired

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5
Q

This occurs when B cells are not challenged, memory does not occur, is more a short term fix.

A

Passive Humoral Immunity

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6
Q

What type of passive humoral immunity are antibodies that deliver to a fetus via placenta or Infant milk

A

Naturally acquired Passive Humoral

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7
Q

What type of passive humoral immunity is an injection of serum such as gamma gobulin, protection is immediate but eventually it degrades in the body

A

Artificially acquired Passive Humoral

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8
Q

These are proteins secreted in response to an antigen and are able to bind to specific defected B cells

A

Antibodies or Immunogobulins

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9
Q

This is the region of each antibody that combine to form identical antigen binding sites

A

Variable (V)

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10
Q

This is the region of stem that determines the antibody class

A

Constant (C)

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11
Q

This antibody helps prevent entry of pathogens through mucus and other secretions

A

IgA

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12
Q

This antibody is the first released, it has potent agglutinating agent and fixes and activates complements

A

IgM

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13
Q

This antibody is active in some allergies and parasitic infections

A

IgE

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14
Q

This antibody is a monomer that attaches to the surface of B cells and functions as a B cell receptor

A

IgD

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15
Q

This antibody causes mast cells and basophils to release Histamine

A

IgE

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16
Q

This is 75% of the antibodies, it crosses the placental barrier

A

IgG

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17
Q

Antibodies cant destroy antigens themselves, so they can ___ them for destruction

A

Tag

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18
Q

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies which is the simplest and it blocks the antigen sites on a viruses so they loose their toxic effect

A

Neutralization

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19
Q

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies that cell bound antigens are crossed linked and make clumping, happens with wrong blood transfusions

A

Agglutination

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20
Q

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies when soluble molecules cross link instead of cells and settle out in the solution

A

Precipitation

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21
Q

This is a defense mechanism used by antibodies where large amounts of cells attack a certain thing in the body using cell lysis

A

Complete fixation and activation

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22
Q

This is a monocolonal antibody pro, that is a fusion of a tumor cell and a B cell and produces rapidly a single type of antibody

A

Hybridomas

23
Q

This is a type of immune response when T cells provide defense against intracelluar antigens

A

Cell Mediated Immune Response

24
Q

This is a major type of T cell that becomes a helper T cell when activated

A

CD4

25
Q

This is a major T cell that turns into a cytotoxic T cells when it becomes activated

A

CD8

26
Q

T cells of cell mediated responses response to fragments presented on a cells surface, or

A

APC

27
Q

There are two MHC proteins that are important for T cell activation what are they?

A

Class I and Class II

28
Q

This MHC protein that is important for T cell activation is displayed on all cells except RBCs

A

Class I MHC proteins

29
Q

This MHC protein is important for T cell activation and is displayed on APCs or dendrite, macrophages and B cells (Not neutrophils)

A

Class II MHC proteins

30
Q

This class Binds with antigens inside the cell, it informs cytotoxic T cells of the presence of microorganisms hiding in cells

A

Class I MHC proteins

31
Q

This class binds with antigens outside of the cell that have been broken down by phagocytes, recognized by helper T cells

A

Class II MHC proteins

32
Q

This is a two step process that is when APC migrate to lymph nodes and other lymphoid organs to present their antigens to T cells

A

T cell Activation

33
Q

What are the two steps of T cell activation?

A

Antigen Binding

Co-Stimulation

34
Q

This step of T cell activation is when TCRs bind to antigen-MHC complex on the surface of an APC cell

A

Antigen Binding

35
Q

This step of T cell activation is required T cell binding to other surface receptors on an APC, cytokines trigger proliferation and diffraction of activated T cells, forms clones and also memory T Cells

A

Co-Stimulation

36
Q

This is produced by the cells that modulate cell development and responses in the immune system, it includes interleukins and interferons

A

Cytokines

37
Q

These cells play a central role in the adaptive immune system, without them there would be no immune response

A

Helper T cells

38
Q

These cells directly attact other cells, they bind to non-self complexes and destory them

A

Helper Cytotoxic T cells

39
Q

These dampen the immune system by direct contact or inhibitory cytokines

A

Regulatory T cells

40
Q

This organ transplant is from one part of the body to another part of the body

A

Autograft

41
Q

This organ transplant is between two identical twins

A

Isograft

42
Q

This organ transplant is from two individuals who are not twins

A

Allograft

43
Q

This is an organ transplant from another animal species

A

Xenograft

44
Q

This is known as abnormal behavior of immune cells

A

Immunodeficiencies

45
Q

This is known as a genetic defect that is marked in T and B cells that is fatal if it is untreated, it is an abnormality in a interleukin receptor

A

SCID or Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome

46
Q

Caused by human Immunodeficiency virus transmitted through blood, semen and other bodily fluids

A

AIDS or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

47
Q

AIDs destroys ___ cells and suppresses the cell-mediated immunity

A

Helper T cells

48
Q

These disease are caused when your body cannot tell self from non self

A

Auto Immune

49
Q

These are known as immune responses that are otherwise harmless as a perceived threat.

A

Hypersensitiveness

50
Q

This type of Hypersensitivity is also known as allergies, it begins within seconds after getting in contact with allergens

A

Acute or Type I or immediate hypersensitivity

51
Q

This is a systemic response to an allergen that directly enters the blood, giant release of histamine and can be treated with epinephrine

A

Anaphylactic Shock

52
Q

This hypersensitivity is caused by IgM and IgG transfered via blood plasma or serum, it has a slow onset, one to three hours

A

Subacute hypersensitivity

53
Q

This is a hypersensitivity that has a 1-3 day reaction time, depends on helper T cells, an example would be poison Ivy

A

Delayed hypersensitivity type IV

A&P II Exam 2 review (4 decks)

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