Molarity and Concentrations

Question 1

Solute

Answer 1

What is being dissolved
ex. Nacl dissolved in water

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

What is doing the dissolving
ex. Water dissolving NaCl

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Solute + Solvent

Question 4

Mass percent formula

Answer 4

mass of solute/mass of solution x 100

Question 5

Volume percent formula

Answer 5

volume of solute/volume of solution x 100

Question 6

Mole fraction

Answer 6

Moles of substance/total # of moles

Question 7

Molarity

Answer 7

Moles of the solute/Liters of solution

Question 8

molality

Answer 8

moles of solute/kg of solvent

Question 9

Neutralization

Answer 9

Reaction that occurs between acids and bases to form a salt and water

Question 10

Acid

Answer 10

A substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions

Ahherenius definition: A acid is a substance that releases

Ex. HCl

Question 11

Titration

Answer 11

method to find the concentration of an unknown solution by carefully adding a solution of known concentration until the reaction reaches completion.

Question 12

Electrolytes

Answer 12

Compounds that conduct electricity in water

Question 13

Strong electrolytes

Answer 13

Strong acids, strong bases, and ionic compounds that are very soluble

Conducts electricity well and ionizes completely

ex.
HCl
H2SO4

Question 14

Weak electrolyte

Answer 14

Insoluble compound,
insoluble ionic compound
Weak acid or base

Does not conduct electricity well and ionizes partially

-Tip
Any ions with a group 1 metal ionize completely

Question 15

Non-electrolyte

Answer 15

Does not conduct electricity in water

Sugars ex. glucose (C6H12O6)
Alcohols ex. Ethanol (C2H5OH)
Organic compounds

Question 16

Ionization

Answer 16

The process of a substance separating into ions

Question 17

Functional Groups That Do Not Lead to Ionization (Non-electrolytes)

Answer 17

Hydroxyl group (-OH) in alcohols: Alcohols like ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) contain a hydroxyl group but do not dissociate into ions in solution, making them non-electrolytes.

Carbonyl group (C=O) in aldehydes and ketones: Acetone (CH₃COCH₃) and formaldehyde (CH₂O) are examples of compounds with carbonyl groups that do not dissociate into ions in water, so they are non-electrolytes.

Ether group (-O-) in ethers: Ethers, like diethyl ether (C₂H₅OC₂H₅), contain an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms but do not ionize in solution, so they are non-electrolytes.