modules 5-6 water and carbs

Question 1

which side of the polar water molecule is negative and which is positive

Answer 1

oxygen negative, hydrogen postitive

Question 2

what is a function of protein in respect to water

Answer 2

water balance, attract water and draw into blood from extracellular space

Question 3

sources of water

Answer 3

liquids, food, metabolism

Question 4

alcohol metabolism steps

Answer 4

alcohol-> (alcohol dehydrogenase) acetaldehyde-> (aldehyde dehydrogenase) acetate-> acetyl CoA which is then converted to fatty acids for storage or goes into citric acid cycle to convert to ATP

Question 5

kidney disease

Answer 5

need water to excrete waste, not enough water increases risk for urinary tract infections, kidney stones and in extreme cases kidney disease or even death

Question 6

Seizures

Answer 6

excessive sweating effects electrolyte balance which can compromise body’s electrical activity potentially promoting seizures

Question 7

hypovolemic Shock

Answer 7

occurs when body loses alot of blood or extracellular fluid, low blood volume and pressure can compromise nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues, symptoms are high HR, blue skin, mental status change, clammy skin

Question 8

hyponatremia

Answer 8

sodium levels in blood is too low, water level too high. happens when urine isn’t excreted or when a lot of water and electrolytes are lost but only water is replenished

Question 9

diuretics

Answer 9

promote water loss through urination, for high blood pressure, kidney stones and tissue swelling

Question 10

galactose

Answer 10

milk sugar monosaccharide

Question 11

fructose

Answer 11

fruit sugar monosaccharide

Question 12

sucrose

Answer 12

glucose+fructose (table sugar)

Question 13

maltose

Answer 13

glucose+glucose (bread)

Question 14

Lactose

Answer 14

glucose + galactose

Question 15

oligosaccharides vs polysaccharides

Answer 15

3-10, 10+

Question 16

starch

Answer 16

composed of long chains of glucose

Question 17

straight chain starch

Answer 17

amylose

Question 18

branched chain starch

Answer 18

amylopectin most common in diet

Question 19

glyconeogenesis

Answer 19

glycogen->glucose

Question 20

gluconeogenesis

Answer 20

amino acids -> glucose

Question 21

lypolysis

Answer 21

breakdown of stored lipids, glycerol from triglycerides can be used to make glucose

Question 22

Reactive hypoglycaemia

Answer 22

Low blood sugar due to excessively high release of insulin

Question 23

Non-reactive hypoglycemia

Answer 23

Low blood sugar that may or may not be related to meals, can be because of anorexia or certain medications pregnancy, alcohol, liver heart and kidney disprders

Question 24

Things added to alcohol in fermentation process that could be the cause of a hangover

Answer 24

Congeners

Question 25

What causes dental Carrie’s

Answer 25

Sugars provide food for the bacteria in mouth to grow and thrive, bacteria produce enamel destroying acid

Question 26

Two mechanisms fibre decreases risk of cvd

Answer 26

Soluble fibres lowers LDL bad cholesterol Soluble fibres regulates blood sugar

Question 27

Wet vs dry beri beri

Answer 27

wet affects cardiovascular system, dry affects nervous system