module9 Flashcards
discuss why activation procedures are performed,
Activation procedures are performed to produce an abnormality or to enhance a preexisting
abnormality. Some people may only have a seizure a few times a year, the chances of us
catching a seizure on a 20 - 30-minute EEG will be slim. So, we try to do things do bring
out abnormal activity
list the following activation procedures: eyes open & closed, HV, PS, sleep, other stimuli (reading/music…), drug induced seizures and NP leads,
Activation procedures include:
- Eyes open, eyes closed
- Hyperventilation
- Photic Stimulation
- Sleep
- Other stimuli (reading/eating/noises….anything that brings pt’s seizures on)
- Drug induced seizures for pre-surgical workups
- Special electrodes (NP leads/sphenoidal/T1 & T2)
discuss in detail HV, why it is done, list at least 4 contraindications, how to perform it, how many minutes it should be done, how many breaths per minute, what it does chemically to the brain,
The point of an activation procedure is to see if it changes the EEG activity.
Contraindications:Tell them that if they should start to feel chest pain, to immediately stop hv
about 18-24 per
minute for about 3-5 minutes
HV causes a fall in arterial carbon dioxide and some constriction of the cerebral arteriolar
system which results in hypoxia (low levels of oxygen in blood) and a decrease in glucose
supply to neurons. HV produces hypocapnia, which is abnormally low tension of carbon
dioxide in the circulating blood
how to get children to perform HV
To
get children to do HV, use a pin wheel or bubbles
name 2 reasons why we would do it hv twice in one EEG, what side effects it causes the patient, what to do if hypocalcemia is suspected,
e. In
order to prove that the patient has hypoglycemia as opposed to a generalized abnormality,
they should be given glucose (or juice with sugar in it). HV should then be repeated 20
minutes later, if the slowing is no longer present, it was hypoglycemia
(the patient may have hypoglycemia and or an
empty stomach)
what disorder is most commonly brought out with HV and what should you do if 1 round of HV does not bring out the disorder, what is a normal response to HV and what is an abnormal response
Normal: generalized rhyming slowing
Abnormal epileptiform discharges
discuss the hv build-up response, what is it, when do we see it, where do we see it, describe it, recognize a picture of it and state how long it should take to return to baseline,
Hyperventilating return to base line within few minutes 1-2 minutes
See it in the posterior side, Oc and post.
Build up to slow waves
discuss in detail why we want sleep on an EEG, what disorder is it most likely to bring out, what 2 things can we do to obtain sleep (sleep deprive and sedative), can we give sedation without an order and what montage should sleep be run on and why
define sensory or reflex seizures, list 2 types and explain what to do to bring them on
discuss why seizures are induced with drugs for pre-surgical workups and list the drugs used,
define and discuss pseudo seizures, the most likely people who have them and what to do as a tech to elicit them
recognize EEG pictures during activation procedures (normal build-up, absence response and photic responses).
